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- W2105629345 abstract "Background: Gaze‐related changes in the magnitude and type of phoria have important clinical implications with respect to the attainment and maintenance of comfortable single binocular vision. Previous investigations were either limited to the mid‐vertical and lateral directions of gaze or involved head positions with input from neck proprioceptors. The results of such studies have been ambiguous.Method: The Hess‐Lancaster screen was used to study the variations of near horizontal phoria in nine positions of gaze among subjects with normal binocular vision. Head movement was restrained by a head support system. Subjects were divided into orthophoric, esophoric and exophoric groups based on their phoria in the primary position.Results: The orthophoric and esophoric subjects demonstrated small but insignificant increases in esophoria at secondary and tertiary positions of gaze. However, the changes for the exophoric subjects were significant and ranged from 0.34 prism dioptres less exophoria at right gaze to 2.61 prism dioptres less exophoria at down and left gaze.Conclusions: Significant gaze‐related changes in phoria were obtained among exophoric subjects at non‐primary positions of gaze. Possible explanations for this finding include horizontal and vertical muscle involvement and differences in perceived size of objects at non‐primary positions. The results indicate the need to measure phoria at all major positions of gaze." @default.
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- W2105629345 date "1996-03-01" @default.
- W2105629345 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2105629345 title "Gaze‐related near heterophoria incomitance" @default.
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- W2105629345 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1996.tb04979.x" @default.
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