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- W2105882551 abstract "The layer charge is perhaps the single most significant characteristic of 2:1 layer phyllosilicates. Layer charge affects cation-retention capacity and adsorption of water, and various polar organic molecules. The effects of layer charge on the sorptive properties of organo-clays were illustrated by Lee et al. (1990). It is generally agreed that the classification of 2:1 silicate clays, which is a continuing problem, may be resolved by taking into account the magnitude of the layer charge (Bailey et al. , 1971; Malla and Douglas, 1987) Studies on structural chemistry also confirm the importance of the layer charge for the characterization of the 2:1 phyllosilicates (Newman and Brown, 1987).Layer charge involves charge per [O20(OH)4] and the sum of the tetrahedral and octahedral charges. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) results not only from the layer charge, but also pH-dependent edge charges. If the molecular mass ( M ) or formula weight of the phyllosilicates and the layer charge are known, the due to interlayer charge (ξ) can be calculated from the following equation:batchmode documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amsmath} pagestyle{empty} begin{document} [Interlayer CEC (cmol_{c}kg^{{-}1}) = 10^{5} {times} {xi}/mathit{M}] end{document}(1) The molecular mass (Table 1⇓) is without dimension, because it is a relative property. The mean molecular mass of the 2:1 phyllosilicates varies from 370–390 The total exceeds the interlayer CEC, because of charge at crystal edges. For smectites, the edge charge is between 10 and 30% and on average it is ~20% of the total (Lagaly, 1981). Non-exchangeable cations such as K+ in illite or mica are excluded from the total apparent CEC, but they are included in the layer charge.View this table:Table 1. Approximate layer charge of 2:1 phyllosilicates.Traditionally, the layer charge is calculated from the structural formula of homoionic pure clay mineral specimens (Ross and Hendricks, 1945). From the occupancy of elements in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets, …" @default.
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- W2105882551 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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- W2105882551 title "Baseline Studies of the Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Layer-Charge Determination and Characteristics of those Minerals Containing 2:1 Layers" @default.
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