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W2106494648 abstract "When caring for a patient with cleft lip and palate, the surgeon recommends preferred timing and techniques of reconstruction and avoids ineffective interventions so as not to exhaust the family's energy, resources, and faith in their clinicians. The cleft patient is at risk for developing a jaw discrepancy requiring maxillofacial osteotomies to achieve ideal function and facial aesthetics [ 1 Canady J.W Thompson S.A Colburn A Craniofacial growth after iatrogenic cleft palate repair in a fetal bovine model. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997; 34: 69 Crossref PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar , 2 Correa Normando A.D da Silva Filho O.G Capelozza Filho L Influence of surgery on maxillary growth in cleft lip and/or palate patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 1992; 20: 111 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar , 3 Daskalogiannakis J Ross R.B Effect of alveolar bone grafting in the mixed dentition on maxillary growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997; 34: 455 Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar , 4 DeLuke D.M Marchand A Robles E.C et al. Facial growth and the need for orthognathic surgery after cleft palate repair: literature review and report of 28 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997; 56: 604 Google Scholar , 5 Gnoinski W Early identification of candidates for corrective maxillary osteotomy in cleft lip and palate group. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1987; 21: 39 Crossref Scopus (13) Google Scholar , 6 Laspos C.P Kyrkanides S Moss M.E et al. Mandibular and maxillary asymmetry in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997; 34: 232 Crossref PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar , 7 Laspos C.P Kyrkanides S Tallents R.H et al. Mandibular asymmetry in noncleft and unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997; 34: 410 Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar , 8 Motohashi N Kuroda T Filho L.C et al. P-A cephalometric analysis of a nonoperated adult cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1994; 31: 193 Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar , 9 Posnick J.C Facial growth and the need for orthognathic surgery after cleft palate repair: literature review and report of 28 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997; 55: 698 Google Scholar , 10 Filho L.C Isolated influences of lip and palate surgery on facial growth: comparison of operated and unoperated male adults. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1996; 33: 5 Google Scholar ]. This article provides information about how to manage these problems (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). When a thoughtful staged reconstruction is undertaken, an individual born with cleft lip and palate should reach adolescence after undergoing only a limited number of operations, without negative attention being drawn to their original malformation [ 11 Posnick J.C Cleft-orthognathic surgery: the unilateral cleft lip and palate deformity. in: Posnick J.C Craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery in children and young adults. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia2000: 860-907 Google Scholar , 12 Adams G.R The effects of physical attractiveness on the socialization process. in: Lucker G.W Ribbens K.A McNamara J.A Psychological aspects of facial form. Craniofacial growth series monograph no. 11. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor1981: 25-47 Google Scholar , 13 Bull R Rumsey N The social psychology of facial appearance. Springer-Verlag, New York1988 Crossref Google Scholar , 14 Harper D.C Children's attitudes to physical differences among youth from western and non-western cultures. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1995; 32: 114 Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar , 15 Kapp-Simon K.A Psychological interventions for the adolescent with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1995; 32: 104 Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar , 16 Leonard B.J Brust J.D Abrahams G et al. Self-concept of children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1991; 28: 347 Crossref PubMed Scopus (91) Google Scholar , 17 Posnick J.C The staging of cleft lip and palate reconstruction: infancy through adolescence. in: Posnick J.C Craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery in children and young adults. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia2000: 785-826 Google Scholar , 18 Posnick J.C Cleft lip and palate: bone grafting and management of residual oro-nasal fistula. in: Posnick J.C Craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery in children and young adults. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia2000: 827-859 Google Scholar , 19 Posnick J.C Cleft-orthognathic surgery: the bilateral cleft lip and palate deformity. in: Posnick J.C Craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery in children and young adults. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia2000: 908-950 Google Scholar , 20 Posnick J.C Cleft-orthognathic surgery: the isolated cleft palate deformity. in: Posnick J.C Craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery in children and young adults. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia2000: 951-978 Google Scholar , 21 Posnick J.C Ruiz R.L The staging of cleft lip and palate reconstruction: infancy through adolescence. in: Wysynski D.F Cleft lip and palate: from origin to treatment. Oxford University Press, London2002: 319-354 Google Scholar ]. Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 1A girl born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 9 years of age and underwent successful alveolar bone grafting, oro-nasal fistula closure, and stabilization of the premaxilla. At 15 years of age after undergoing orthodontic alignment, orthognathic and intra-nasal surgery was completed (Le Fort I, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, reduction of inferior turbinates, removal of wisdom teeth). (A, B) Facial views at birth. (C, D) Facial views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (E, F) Profile views before and 1 year after jaw surgery. (G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction and orthodontic treatment. (K, L) Lateral cephalometric radiographs before and 1 year after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 2A boy born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 13 years of age after successful bone grafting but with maxillary hypoplasia. For psycho-social reasons “early” jaw surgery, including a classic Le Fort I osteotomy with iliac crest bone grafting, was completed. (A, B) Facial views before and after LeFort I advancement. (C) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (D, E) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 2A boy born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 13 years of age after successful bone grafting but with maxillary hypoplasia. For psycho-social reasons “early” jaw surgery, including a classic Le Fort I osteotomy with iliac crest bone grafting, was completed. (A, B) Facial views before and after LeFort I advancement. (C) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (D, E) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 2A boy born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 13 years of age after successful bone grafting but with maxillary hypoplasia. For psycho-social reasons “early” jaw surgery, including a classic Le Fort I osteotomy with iliac crest bone grafting, was completed. (A, B) Facial views before and after LeFort I advancement. (C) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (D, E) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 2A boy born with BCLP was referred to the senior author at 13 years of age after successful bone grafting but with maxillary hypoplasia. For psycho-social reasons “early” jaw surgery, including a classic Le Fort I osteotomy with iliac crest bone grafting, was completed. (A, B) Facial views before and after LeFort I advancement. (C) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (D, E) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 3A 21-year-old man born with UCLP was referred to the senior author to address his residual deformities: maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, skeletal defects, oro-nasal fistula, and a cleft dental gap. He underwent a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical approach, including modified Le Fort I osteotomy in two segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of mandible, and genioplasty. A septoplasty and reduction of inferior turbinates was simultaneously performed to improve nasal airflow. (A, B) Facial views before and 2 years after surgery. (C, D) Profile views before and 2 years after surgery. (E, F) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (G, H, I, J, K, L) Occlusal views before and after reconstruction. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer Fig. 4A 22-year-old man born with BCLP was referred to the senior author after undergoing unsuccessful bone grafting and orthognathic surgery. He presented with a mutilated dentition (multiple missing, hypoplastic, and decayed teeth), maxillary/mandibular/chin dysplasia, mobile pre-maxilla, and left and right labial and palatal oro-nasal fistulae. He underwent redo orthodontics and jaw surgery that included modified Le Fort I osteotomy in three segments, sagittal ramus osteotomies of the mandible, genioplasty, septoplasty, and reduction of inferior turbinates. Maxillary crown and bridge dental rehabilitation was undertaken after completion of orthodontic treatment. (A, B) Facial views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. (C, D) Articulated dental casts after model surgery. (E, F, G, H, I, J) Occlusal views before and 1 year after surgery/dental rehabilitation. View Large Image Figure Viewer" @default.
W2106494648 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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W2106494648 date "2004-04-01" @default.
W2106494648 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
W2106494648 title "Cleft-orthognathic surgery" @default.
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W2106494648 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00132-9" @default.
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