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- W2107029399 abstract "ENGLISH) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II Abstract (English) The possible health effects of the long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6 n-3) have been studied for the last 40 years. The outcome of these studies has shown that intake of these Omega-3 may reduce risk of death from cardiovascular disease and possibly also have anticancer effects, improve brain development, reduce depression and delay the beginning of Alzheimer‟s disease. The reference daily intake for EPA+DHA is 500 mg and it is advised to obtain this quantity from fish. Omega-3 supplements or functional foods with added Omega-3 fatty acids could be an alternative for people with low consumption of fish. Supplements containing long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids reached $33 billion in global sales in 2012 with an annual growth rate for the period of 2007-2012 equal to 12%. An increase in reliability of producers within quality and safety issues is essential in a way to obtain fisheries management goals, sustainable use of marine resources and maximizing of benefits for all involved. Composition of a product claimed on the label is the one of the main criteria for consumers in a product choice and evaluation of benefits. The overall aim of the thesis was to compare the composition and quality of marine Omega-3 supplements on Russian and Norwegian markets by accomplishment of the following tasks: 1. Determination of fatty acid composition of the products by gas chromatography and comparison with the specifications given on the products labels; 2. Analysis of lipid classes by high performance thin layer chromatography and comparison with the specification given on the products labels. Thirteen products (7 Russian and 6 Norwegian) were analyzed. The Russian products contained triacylglycerols and generally had a low concentration of long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids. All the supplements were declared as fish oils, but, in fact, 4 of them contained plant oils resulting in an increased n-6/n-3 ratio. The Russian product descriptions had no information about the amount of oil in capsules or quantity of EPA and DHA. The recommended intake for 5 of the 6 capsule products was high, from 9 to 24 per day. The Norwegian capsule products (5) were mostly concentrated supplements containing up to 71% of long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids, either in the form of ethyl esters or triacylglycerols. Information about content of Omega-3 fatty acids and EPA and DHA was included on the labels. However, information about oil amount in capsule was lacking for one product. The analysis suggested that the specification with regard to the lipid class form was not always precise. Two products were described as native marine oils, but the analysis showed that they contained ethyl esters. Claimed and found content of Omega-3, EPA and DHA, were slightly different for one product, up to 39% lower for 3 products and higher for one supplement. Daily intake of 2 capsules on the average met the recommended daily intake of 500mg of EPA+DHA. The average price per gram of Omega-3 was approximately the same for the Russian and Norwegian products. ABSTRACT (NORWEGIAN)NORWEGIAN) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ III Abstract (Norwegian) Mulige helseeffekter av de lang-kjedede omega-3 fettsyrene, eicosapentaensyre (EPA; 20:5n3) og docosahexaensyre (22:6n-3) har blitt studert i 40 ar. Resultatene av disse studiene har vist inntak av disse omega-3 fettsyrene kan redusere antallet hjerte-kar sykdommer og kanskje ogsa bidra til a minke antall krefttilfeller, forbedre hjerneutvikling, redusere depresjoner og forsinke utvikling av Alzheimers sykdom. The anbefalte daglige inntak av EPA + DHA blir ofte satt til 500 mg og det anbefales at fettsyrene kommer fra fisk. For folk som spiser lite fisk kan kosttilskudd vaere et alternativ. Pa verdensbasis ble det i 2012 solgt kosttilskudd med omega-3 fettsyrer for 33 milliarder US $. I perioden 2007-2012 var den arlige veksten i salget pa 12 %. Okt tillit til produsenter bade nar det gjelder kvalitet og sikkerhet er helt sentralt bade I forbindelse med fiskeriforvaltning, baerekraftig bruk av de marine ressurser og for a gjore tilfredse. Hovedmalet med oppgaven var a sammenligne innholdet og kvalitet av marine omega3 kosttilskuddsprodukter pa det russiske og norske markedet ved a undersoke: 1. Fettsyresammensetningen i produktene ved hjelp av gasskromatografi og a sammenligne med de oppgitte verdier. 2. Analyse av fettklassesammensetning med tynnskiktskromatografi og a sammenligne med produktspesifikasjon. Tretten produkter (7 russiske og 6 norske) ble analysert. De russiske produktene inneholdt triacylglycerol og hadde generelt en lav konsentrasjon av langkjedede omega-3 fettsyrer. Alle disse kosttilskuddene var deklarert a inneholde fiskeoljer, men 4 av produktene inneholdt planteoljer som bidro til et forhoyet n6/n-3 forhold. Varedeklarasjonene hadde ikke noe informasjon om mengden olje i kapslene eller om innholdet av omega-3 fettsyrer. Det anbefalte inntaket for 5 av 6 kapselprodukter var fra 9 til 24 kapsler per dag. De norske kapselproduktene (5) var i hovedsak konsentrerte produkter som inneholdt opptil 71 % lang-kjedede omega-3 fettsyrer enten i form av etylestere eller triacyglycerol. Informasjon om innholdet av omega-3 fettsyrer og EPA og DHA var oppgitt pa produktene. Et av produktene manglet opplysning om mengden olje i kapslene. Analysene av fettklasseinnholdet i produktene viste at opplysningene gitt for de norske produktene alltid var presise. To av produktene var beskrevet a inneholde marine oljer, men undersokelsen viste at de inneholdt etylestere. Oppgitt og funnet innhold av omega-3 fettsyrer, EPA og DHA, var noe forskjellig for et produkt, opptil 39% lavere for tre produkter og hoyere for ett produkt. Daglig inntak av 2 kapsler i gjennomsnitt bidro til cirka anbefalt dose av EPA + DHA pa 500 mg. Gjennomsnittlig pris per gram omega-3 fettsyrer var omtrent likt for de russiske og norske produktene." @default.
- W2107029399 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2107029399 creator A5060886588 @default.
- W2107029399 date "2014-05-15" @default.
- W2107029399 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2107029399 title "Composition and quality of marine Omega-3 supplements on the Russian and Norwegian markets: a comparative study." @default.
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