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- W2107874441 abstract "Abstract Direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids has been investigated in search of an efficient and environmentally friendly process. Monosaccharides D ‐fructose and D ‐glucose, disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and even the polysaccharide cellulose were successfully converted into HMF with good yields under mild conditions (yield up to 92 % in 5 min in the case of fructose). The structure of ionic liquids, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and water content had noticeable effects on this catalytic system. Addition of 5 Å molecular sieves during the dehydration of glucose resulted in an increase in HMF yield from 38.4 % to 48.4 %. A mechanism for glucose conversion to HMF catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride was proposed according to 13 C NMR spectra obtained in situ under different conditions using D ‐glucose‐2‐ 13 C as the substrate." @default.
- W2107874441 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2107874441 date "2010-12-23" @default.
- W2107874441 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2107874441 title "Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Germanium(IV) Chloride in Ionic Liquids" @default.
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- W2107874441 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201000279" @default.
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