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- W2108375881 abstract "Abstract Background Vpx is a virion-associated protein encoded by SIV SM , a lentivirus endemic to the West African sooty mangabey ( Cercocebus atys ). HIV-2 and SIV MAC , zoonoses resulting from SIV SM transmission to humans or Asian rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ), also encode Vpx. In myeloid cells, Vpx promotes reverse transcription and transduction by these viruses. This activity correlates with Vpx binding to DCAF1 (VPRBP) and association with the DDB1/RBX1/CUL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. When delivered experimentally to myeloid cells using VSV G-pseudotyped virus-like particles (VLPs), Vpx promotes reverse transcription of retroviruses that do not normally encode Vpx. Results Here we show that Vpx has the extraordinary ability to completely rescue HIV-1 transduction of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) from the potent antiviral state established by prior treatment with exogenous type 1 interferon (IFN). The magnitude of rescue was up to 1,000-fold, depending on the blood donor, and was also observed after induction of endogenous IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) by LPS, poly(I:C), or poly(dA:dT). The effect was relatively specific in that Vpx-associated suppression of soluble IFN-β production, of mRNA levels for ISGs, or of cell surface markers for MDDC differentiation, was not detected. Vpx did not rescue HIV-2 or SIV MAC transduction from the antiviral state, even in the presence of SIV MAC or HIV-2 VLPs bearing additional Vpx, or in the presence of HIV-1 VLPs bearing all accessory genes. In contrast to the effect of Vpx on transduction of untreated MDDCs, HIV-1 rescue from the antiviral state was not dependent upon Vpx interaction with DCAF1 or on the presence of DCAF1 within the MDDC target cells. Additionally, although Vpx increased the level of HIV-1 reverse transcripts in MDDCs to the same extent whether or not MDDCs were treated with IFN or LPS, Vpx rescued a block specific to the antiviral state that occurred after HIV-1 cDNA penetrated the nucleus. Conclusion Vpx provides a tool for the characterization of a potent, new HIV-1 restriction activity, which acts in the nucleus of type 1 IFN-treated dendritic cells." @default.
- W2108375881 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2108375881 creator A5007161976 @default.
- W2108375881 creator A5081790590 @default.
- W2108375881 creator A5086001897 @default.
- W2108375881 date "2011-06-22" @default.
- W2108375881 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2108375881 title "Vpx rescues HIV-1 transduction of dendritic cells from the antiviral state established by type 1 interferon" @default.
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- W2108375881 doi "https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-8-49" @default.
- W2108375881 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3130655" @default.
- W2108375881 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21696578" @default.