Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2108654808> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2108654808 endingPage "219" @default.
- W2108654808 startingPage "209" @default.
- W2108654808 abstract "SUMMARY The use of recreational drugs of abuse has generated serious health concerns. There is a long-recognized relationship between addictive drugs and increased levels of infections. Studies of the mechanisms of actions of these drugs became more urgent with the advent of AIDS and its correlation with abused substances. The nature and mechanisms of immunomodulation by marijuana, opiates, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol are described in this review. Recent studies of the effects of opiates or marijuana on the immune system have demonstrated that they are receptor mediated, occurring both directly via specific receptors on immune cells and indirectly through similar receptors on cells of the nervous system. Findings are also discussed that demonstrate that cocaine and nicotine have similar immunomodulatory effects, which are also apparently receptor mediated. Finally, the nature and mechanisms of immunomodulation by alcohol are described. Although no specific alcohol receptors have been identified, it is widely recognized that alcohol enhances susceptibility to opportunistic microbes. The review covers recent studies of the effects of these drugs on immunity and on increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, including AIDS." @default.
- W2108654808 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2108654808 creator A5011110678 @default.
- W2108654808 creator A5032965517 @default.
- W2108654808 creator A5072207657 @default.
- W2108654808 date "2003-04-01" @default.
- W2108654808 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W2108654808 title "Microbial Infections, Immunomodulation, and Drugs of Abuse" @default.
- W2108654808 cites W123869177 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W129095972 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W133382736 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1521754740 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1546043743 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W155992401 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1577251139 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1592749565 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1599780098 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1603953297 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1670328913 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1722291525 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1781813840 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W179802705 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1814803101 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W190845503 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1929393179 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1938701383 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1952510352 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1964053870 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1965679449 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1966040289 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1966670714 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1969786103 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1970061876 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1970964835 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1971030287 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1971207391 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1971614669 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1973585315 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1974880556 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1975115615 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1976617919 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1979765639 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1980636803 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1982213588 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1982515439 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1983663892 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1984286105 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1984511769 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1986595272 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1988633934 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1989073099 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1989267957 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1989633157 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1989737013 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1990356359 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1992198210 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1992993509 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1993196185 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1993585096 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1993921355 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1994097918 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1994157194 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1994450617 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1995610641 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1995865392 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1996135644 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1996247364 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W1996804028 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2000264840 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2000363595 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2000690809 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2003356209 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2006294686 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2006624190 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2006635741 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2006675832 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2007176734 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2007281803 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2007438834 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2008549839 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2009073154 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2011837650 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2012119611 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2012295110 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2012946422 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2015577242 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2018167750 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2019960613 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2020206574 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2021168999 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2021372965 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2022177502 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2022491068 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2023145073 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2024113093 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2025848851 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2029555566 @default.
- W2108654808 cites W2030657900 @default.