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• W2108778731 abstract "Helminth parasites, compared to other infectious agents are extremely complex. A comparison of genome sizes (e.g. mammals, 5.5 × 109 base pairs; Schistosoma, 3 × 108 b.p.; Plasmodium 1 × 107 b.p.; bacteria 2 × 106 b.p.) shows clearly that helminths are about midway between protozoa and mammals in their complexity; in fact, they lie closer to the higher animals than they do to bacteria and viruses. This complexity has been the main barrier to progress in understanding immune responses to helminth infections. Large multicellular parasites are killed slowly by host immunity and it may be that several different effector mechanisms participate in immune killing; and, the complex mixture of molecules that compose the whole worm has increased the difficulty of isolating single antigens and recognising those that play a significant part in the host-parasite relationship. With modern developments in molecular biology however, the identification of host protective antigens and their production for testing as molecular vaccines is no longer a pipe dream (Mitchell, 1984). Monoclonal antibodies have provided a tool for studying defined antigens and recombinant DNA technology has enabled parasite genes to be cloned, sequenced, and their corresponding antigens produced in the quantities required for animal experimentation (Young, Hockmeyer, Gross, Ballou, Wirtz, Trosper, Beaudoin, Hollingdale, Miller, Biggs & Rosenberg, 1985). Whilst a molecular approach to helminth immunity remains more difficult than comparable studies in micro-organisms, the recent revolution in molecular biology has created the necessary environment and means for a steady advancement towards the creation of defined helminth vaccines. High technology however must be applied in conjunction with good parasitology. An understanding of immune mechanisms, the recognition of the immune-susceptible stages of the parasite and the identification of host protective antigens and their stage and species specificity will provide information that will guide future rational strategy. An alternative approach is to assay the immunogenicity of all recombinant molecules for there may be several reasons why parasite products not normally immunogenic during infection could, when presented with the appropriate adjuvant induce an immunity qualitatively and quantitatively superior to that developed under normal conditions. Whatever the strategy however, a relevant experimental animal model is an essential prerequisite before defined recombinant molecules can be tested as vaccines, since In vitro protection assays of parasites do not always correlate with resistance in vivo." @default.
• W2108778731 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2108778731 creator A5068256775 @default.
• W2108778731 date "1987-02-01" @default.
• W2108778731 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2108778731 title "Vaccination against schistosomes and other systemic helminths" @default.
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• W2108778731 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(87)90024-5" @default.
• W2108778731 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3294642" @default.
• W2108778731 hasPublicationYear "1987" @default.
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