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- W2108794581 abstract "The psychiatrist opens his mail stares at a very legal document. It does not start out with Greetings!, the effect may be the same. A paragraph half way down reads You are commanded to appear testify before the Superior Court (or similar judicial authority) specifies an exact date hour for appearance. Near the bottom, to account for his reaction, might be the statement and for a failure to attend will be deemed guilty of a contempt of court.l His reaction might be more marked if the document sounds sterner to include that all singular business excuses being laid aside [and] appear attend, etc.; in addition to punishment for contempt you will forfeit to the party aggrieved one hundred dollars all damages which may be sustained by YOJr failure to attend.1 It might be signed by a district attorney, the judge of a court, most likely by a clerk of the court of jurisdiction. 2 •• The dilemma for the psychiatrist in his professional role is he is being ordered to testify about supply all his records on a specific patient while under the professional obligation to maintain absolute confidentiality. The Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association, in Section 9, dealing with confidentiality makes an Gnqualified exception for a legal demand for information. The American Psychiatric Association included this on its position paper on guidelines for psychiatrists, emphasized but the psychiatrist should understand his duty to protect the welfare of the patient. ,,3 The frightening language of the document intimidates most recipients of subpoenas. The danger in failure to comply is real. Dr. Joseph E. Lifschutz of Orinda, California spent three days in jail in trying to support the principle he had an obligation not to give information about his patients. Only the intervention of the California Supreme Court got him out of jail at the end of three days. Dr. James B. Robertson of San Leandro, California Dr. George R. Caesar of Kentfield, California have each spent between ten thousand twenty·five thousand dollars trying to protect the confidentiality of their pati6nts from the threat of SUbpoenas. If the recipient knew how easy it was to have a subpoena issued; if he knew how readily the subpoena could demand information when there actually was no legal right to command the disclosure of information; if he knew how often an individual releases information legally he had no right to release because of intimidation, he would view the threat of the subpoena with less fear greater skepticism. A lawyer may merely attest he believes a certain individual has certain information is relevant to the issue at court to get a subpoena issued. These forms are transmitted to the office of the clerk of the court routinely the clerk of the court has a staff routinely makes out the subpoena to be served by organized processors. No one reviews the request for the subpoena. No one examines the basis for the request. No one discusses with anyone else whether there is a legal right for disclosure. No one raises the question whether information is protected by law against disclosure before the subpoena is issued. The subpoena is requested routinely issued on the principle of law there is a right for discovery of any all facts relative to the issue at court. It isn't the laws are necessarily written to support this procedure. In California, where the above process operates, the law demands an affidavit setting forth in fUll detail [italics added] the materiality thereof to the issue involved.1 The California law even presumes a judicial review before a subpoena is issued. This protection against violation of the Fourth Amendment was covered in the Federal Laws until July 1,1970 by requiring showing cause for the issuance of a sUbpoena.5 This term good cause means more than mere" @default.
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- W2108794581 date "1973-12-01" @default.
- W2108794581 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2108794581 title "The Psychiatrist and The Subpoena" @default.
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