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- W2109082862 abstract "Abstract Mechanisms whereby metal cations are toxic to plant roots remain largely unknown. Aluminum, for example, has been recognized as rhizotoxic for approximately 100 yr, but there is no consensus on its mode of action. The authors contend that the primary mechanism of rhizotoxicity of many metal cations is nonspecific and that the magnitude of toxic effects is positively related to the strength with which they bind to hard ligands, especially carboxylate ligands of the cell‐wall pectic matrix. Specifically, the authors propose that metal cations have a common toxic mechanism through inhibiting the controlled relaxation of the cell wall as required for elongation. Metal cations such as Al 3+ and Hg 2+ , which bind strongly to hard ligands, are toxic at relatively low concentrations because they bind strongly to the walls of cells in the rhizodermis and outer cortex of the root elongation zone with little movement into the inner tissues. In contrast, metal cations such as Ca 2+ , Na + , Mn 2+ , and Zn 2+ , which bind weakly to hard ligands, bind only weakly to the cell wall and move farther into the root cylinder. Only at high concentrations is their weak binding sufficient to inhibit the relaxation of the cell wall. Finally, different mechanisms would explain why certain metal cations (for example, Tl + , Ag + , Cs + , and Cu 2+ ) are sometimes more toxic than expected through binding to hard ligands. The data presented in the present study demonstrate the importance of strength of binding to hard ligands in influencing a range of important physiological processes within roots through nonspecific mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:268–277. © 2013 SETAC" @default.
- W2109082862 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2109082862 date "2014-01-02" @default.
- W2109082862 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2109082862 title "The rhizotoxicity of metal cations is related to their strength of binding to hard ligands" @default.
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- W2109082862 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2435" @default.
- W2109082862 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24142597" @default.
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