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• W211001953 abstract "Suburban Retrofits, Demographics, and Sustainability Ellen Dunham-Jones By 2050 the Census Bureau expects the U.S. population to increase by half again what it was in 2000. Where will this additional population live and work? Can this growth be directed to where it both contributes to eco- nomic development and inflicts the least environmental damage? If present trends continue, most of this growth will likely be accom- modated in new sprawl development extending out from the exurban fringe. This has been the dominant trend in the U.S. for the last one hundred years, and it only accelerated during the last quarter of the twen- tieth century. 1 In 2000, for the first time, the U.S. suburban population exceeded that of rural and urban areas combined. The reasons for suburbia’s popu- larity are many, but its expansion has created many problems. As overall densities have been reduced, auto- mobile use has increased, causing great environmental harm. Leapfrog development has also caused many bypassed, existing settlements to decline. Even in the newest, booming sprawlscapes, the demands of inces- sant mobility have cut into leisure time, family life, and communal inter- action. Will the next half century continue this pattern of decentralization? Or can new growth serve as a catalyst for change, allowing existing suburbs to evolve into more urban, sustainable places? Why “Retrofit”? American legal and cultural atti- tudes have long accepted the idea that cities are dynamic and should be expected to grow. Less obvious is the corollary that suburbs were not sup- posed to change. Gradually, however, suburban leaders are beginning to rec- ognize that change has come to them. Most regional economies no longer operate according to mono- centric, core-periphery models. Indeed, competition between suburbs for jobs, tax base, and infrastructure expenditures is now more heated than between the suburbs and the central city. 2 In such circumstances, physical change may be vital to older suburbs, where aging, outmoded buildings no longer accommodate contemporary tastes and needs. 3 But even in newer communities, change may be unavoidable, as residents grow increasingly frustrated with traffic, inadequate affordable housing, and loss of open space. 4 In thinking about ways to create greater social, economic, and envi- ronmental sustainability in such situ- ations, it is important to recognize the particular difficulties created by suburban development. In a city, infill and redevelopment may augment pos- itive attributes—for example, increas- ing support for services, from transit to restaurants. But in a suburban location, every addition only tends to increase traffic, stress the social infrastructure (including schools), and reduce prized open space. In other words, ordinary infill and redevelopment projects normally detract from a suburb’s most desirable and marketable qualities—one reason they tend to be so fiercely resisted by existing residents. Such NIMBY (not-in-my-back-yard) attitudes in turn become an important factor propelling continued patterns of land consumption. By contrast, “retrofits” are projects that seek to improve the sustainabilty of the system as a whole. By seeking to create the basis for change beyond their immediate property lines, such projects offer the best chance to overcome entrenched resistance and help suburbs evolve to meet changing needs. A growing number of successful retrofits across a range of conditions have now raised public awareness of the possibilities. For example, both older suburban towns and younger “edge” and “edgeless” cities are inserting mixed-use residential pock- ets and town centers—some with significant public amenities—between existing office parks, malls and sub- divisions. 5 Such projects are helping improve connectivity and the sense of place, meet affordable housing needs, and mitigate congestion. In bypassed first-ring suburbs an even more pronounced trend has seen the redevelopment of once-vibrant but now hard-pressed malls, commercial corridors, office parks, park-n-rides, and residential subdivisions. Do such individual projects imply the possibility of an even more ambitious effort to retrofit the very systems that produce sprawl? There is every reason to approach such a vision with caution. However, emerg- ing social and economic trends may be working in favor of just such an outcome. New Markets and Opportunities Three significant demographic trends indicate how promising retrofitting may be as a means to increase the economic, social and environmental sustainability of American suburbs: the aging of the baby-boom generation; the growth of single and nonfamily households; and the nation’s growing ethnic diversity. As the largest demographic group in U.S. history, baby-boomers have been a target market their whole lives; soon they will become the largest and wealthiest group of retirees ever. The American Association of Retired Per- sons reports that the majority of baby boomers would like to “age in place.” 6 Yet, the auto-dependent nature of Durham-Jones / Suburban Retrofits" @default.
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• W211001953 date "2005-07-01" @default.
• W211001953 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W211001953 title "Suburban Retrofits, Demographics, and Sustainability [Retrofitting Suburbia]" @default.
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