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- W2110274132 abstract "Starting in the 1970s, many countries began a process of decentralization with devolution of power to sub-national levels. Federal countries have followed this path (like Canada, for example), as well as have traditionally highly centralized countries like France or Spain. Some countries have transferred a large degree of autonomy to their provinces (Italy, UK); others have implemented federal systems (Belgium, Spain). Finally, some countries have preferred secession (Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, USSR). These evolutions are not only caused by linguistic, ethnic or religious specificities but also by economic inequalities between regions (Bolton & Rolland). Many European Union (EU) countries, paradoxically, have devolved power to the supranational level despite the autonomist pressures inside some of these Member States. This decentralizing process goes in hand with two other global trends. The first is the globalization of democracy in Southern and Eastern Europe, in Latin America and in Asia. Demands for decentralization frequently follow the advent of political freedom. The second is trade and financial globalization, where traditional big nation arguments (notably, the availability of large protected home markets with potentially increasing returns for national firms) are devaluated (Alesina & Spolaore, 1997). Seemingly, Brazil is following this same general trend: decentralization and reinforced democracy with the Constitution of 1988, and trade and financial openness mainly following the arrival of the Real Plan (1994). The fall of the military dictatorship in the mid-1980s was partly caused by strong pressures from rich Southern States, like Sao Paulo, in favor of larger fiscal and political autonomy. The implementation of Mercosur and the Real Plan the 1990s put Brazil on the rails of regional and world integration." @default.
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- W2110274132 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2110274132 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
- W2110274132 title "Fiscal Federalism, Democracy and Trade Integration. The Case of Brazilian VAT" @default.
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