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- W2110327853 abstract "Residential fire is a major cause of fire fatalities and smoke alarms are installed to promptly detect and warn people of fires so that action may be taken. Coronial reports of 114 fire fatalities in Australia noted that 81% of the fatal fires were at night and in those, 86% of victims were sleeping. 1 It is thus important that smoke alarms are as effective as possible in waking people up. A review of the research on who will wake up to smoke alarms under what circumstances 2 showed that there were many potentially vulnerable groups in the population, including children, the elderly, people under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and people who are sleep deprived. Most unimpaired adults will awaken quickly and reliably to a hallway alarm under normal circumstances. 3 It has been found that only 6% of children (aged from 6 to 15) awoke reliably (i.e. to two out of two alarm presentations) to the Australian standard smoke alarm (a high pitch beeping signal) installed in the hallway and received at the pillow at 60 dBA. 3 When the volume of the signal was increased to 89dBA at the pillow, by installing the alarm above the child’s bed, the percentage who reliably awoke increased to 50%. 4 However, the responsiveness of children is clearly age related, with the younger children being more at risk. Only 29% of those aged 6-10 years awoke reliably to 89 dBA. The reasons why children seem to be particularly difficult to awaken may be related to their delayed prefrontal lobe development. This part of the brain develops mostly between ages 12 and 24 and is responsible for behaviours that include making judgements. If this includes both judgements while asleep as well as when awake then this may influence the arousability of younger children to a signal while sleeping. It is also known that the duration of deep sleep (stage 4) decreases with increasing age, so younger children spend more time in deep sleep than older children or adults. Perhaps more important, however, are the findings 5 that children may have higher electroencephalogram energy levels within" @default.
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- W2110327853 date "2004-09-01" @default.
- W2110327853 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2110327853 title "The Effectiveness of Different Alarms In Waking Sleeping Children" @default.
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