Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2110403924> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2110403924 abstract "The increasing development and urbanization of the society has led to an increase per-capita production of municipal solid waste (MSW) materials. These MSW materials are of organic and inorganic nature that can be of rapidly, moderately and slowly biodegradable or inert characteristics. With regard to these waste streams a wide variety of treatments exist: reuse and recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and land disposal are the most common ones, pyrolysis and gasification are in use to a lesser extent or on a smaller scale. Regardless of the method chosen for treatment all these methods produce residues, which will be eventually disposed at open dumps or sanitary landfills. Sanitary landfills are engineered facilities that make use of barriers to isolate the waste from the biosphere in order to protect human health and the environment. However, these barriers will fail in the long-term allowing the intrusion of moisture into the waste mass, which will trigger restrained physical, chemical and biological processes causing pollution in the form of leachate and landfill gas. In order to minimise the negative impacts of landfilling of waste, researchers conducted experiments, which resulted today in the so-called bioreactor landfill approach. The bioreactor landfill is a system that is operationally influenced to promote synergy between the inherent microbial consortia, and is controlled to accelerate the sequential phases of waste stabilisation through the addition of liquids and/or air. These past investigations have allowed the determination of optimal ranges for the key process parameters and the implementation of alternative operational conditions, the so-called enhancement techniques. Two main perspectives can be identified: 1) the American perspective, which attempts to apply enhancement techniques in order to maximise landfill gas production; 2) the European perspective that focus on the achievement of the Final Storage Quality (FSQ) status of residues within a generation timeframe (30 years). The term FSQ suggests that the potential of a waste material to produce pollution is reduced to nearly zero in the long-term perspective, similar to the characteristics for inert waste laid in the Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) of the European Landfill Directive. Until now, the main technical problem faced by landfill operators is homogenous liquid addition and distribution (key enhancement technique) within the waste mass. The main objective of this thesis was to achieve a FSQ status of waste, through laboratory and pilot-scale experiments, that complies with the WAC of the Landfill Directive for Inert waste, which had been considered as the worstcase scenario due to the stringent criteria established. Therefore, this thesis focused on the interaction and modification of the factors controlling the waste stabilisation process in order to have a better understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in a bioreactor landfill. Bench (1 L), laboratory (50 L) and pilot-scale (800 L) simulators were used to apply different combinations of enhancement techniques (shredding. buffer addition, septage addition, and forced air intrusion) in order to achieve FSQ of residues. In addition, coarse materials (as layers or homogenous mixtures) were used in order to improve the hydraulic conditions of the simulators. The results of these experiments revealed that it was possible to achieve biological stabilisation within 1 year, but not FSQ status. Achievement of FSQ status depends strongly on the initial solid waste composition. Nevertheless, the residues were close to comply with the WAC of the Landfill Directive for inert waste. Buffer and septage addition proved to have a positive impact on the waste stabilisation process, reducing the biogas production lag-phase. Additionally, the risks associated with septage disposal were practically eliminated as no faecal coliforms were detected after 1 year of operation. Also the use of coarse materials had a positive impact on the waste stabilisation process, especially as homogenous mixtures and layers to a lesser extent since they were prone to clogging. Nitrogen compounds, especially ammonium, have been identified as a main parameter that will jeopardise the achievement of FSQ status, hence the safe closure of landfill sites. Therefore, evolution and fate of nitrogen compounds were also investigated in this thesis. The experiments showed that about 40% of the total ammonium was released by physical processes within 24 hours; the other 60% was produced by biological degradation of proteins contained in the MSW. Anammox bacteria were found for the first time in bioreactor landfills and it was suspected to have an important contribution to the total removal of nitrogen from the system, beside other nitrogen removal processes. Nevertheless, it was not clear how or where the intermediate products (i.e. nitrite) necessary for Anammox metabolism were produced. The Landfill Degradation and Transport (LDAT) model was used to simulate the evolution of carbon and nitrogen compounds. The LDAT model was not suitable to represent accurately the processes occurring in the simulators mainly because the model operated at a fixed (20oC) process temperature and the waste chemistry equations need to be improved. Other models found in literature could be more appropriate to describe these processes; however, it was noticed that these models lack a complete ionic balance which has great influence on the pH of the system. The experimental research emphasised the importance of increasing pH values to neutral pH values, which “triggered” most of the processes in the simulators. This thesis highlighted the need to focus future modelling efforts on the integration of this complete ionic balance and its influence on the development of neutral (even alkaline) pH levels. In conclusion, this research reduced our current gaps-in-knowledge and offered feasible technical alternatives to control and steer the processes occurring in a bioreactor landfill aiming to achieve FSQ status of residues" @default.
- W2110403924 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2110403924 creator A5079353702 @default.
- W2110403924 date "2008-07-03" @default.
- W2110403924 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2110403924 title "Enhanced stabilisation of municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills" @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1493210642 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1501883994 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1509200599 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1526730319 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W152968219 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1530156926 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1530396502 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1533246731 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1538512063 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1574114492 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1580479730 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1604035276 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1613186219 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1672268379 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W178023477 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1888760232 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1963701590 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1969289887 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1976537932 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1976802424 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1978752345 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1980025838 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1981871101 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1982954998 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1983119414 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1983807394 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1984867426 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1985828906 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1986353702 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1988151815 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1988176800 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1989171000 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1992431423 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1994718014 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1996107072 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1996695381 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1997903772 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W1998961159 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2002821043 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2002952449 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2003901237 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2010567371 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2011954385 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2013364183 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2015388178 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2015547924 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2015553376 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2016363842 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2017907190 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2019364197 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2021312494 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2022701285 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2026599234 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2030160013 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2035655937 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2036993541 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2037215754 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2038205346 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2038434475 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2039897887 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2042595906 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2042832105 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2043080913 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2043684362 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2047498616 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2048472552 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2050666521 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2052006123 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2054967625 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2057419645 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2059642638 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2060094322 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2062788854 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2063336196 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2067188494 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2069449632 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2069607531 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2069795642 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2074161838 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2074571903 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2076378303 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2077855167 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2080239055 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2082288966 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2082981190 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2083071995 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2085091573 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2085558040 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2085915664 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2088012989 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2089803095 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2089859194 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2091979055 @default.
- W2110403924 cites W2093290095 @default.