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- W2110450140 abstract "Aging, or senescence, defined as a decline in physiological function with age, has long been a focus of research interest for evolutionary biologists. How has natural selection failed to remove genetic effects responsible for such reduced fitness among older individuals? Current evolutionary theory explains this phenomenon by showing that, as a result of the risk of death from environmental causes that individuals experience, the force of selection inevitably weakens with age [1Hamilton W.D. The moulding of senescence by natural selection.J. Theor. Biol. 1966; 12: 12-45Crossref PubMed Scopus (1359) Google Scholar, 2Medawar P.B. An Unsolved Problem in Biology. H.K. Lewis, London1952Google Scholar, 3Williams G.C. Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence.Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution. 1957; 11: 398-411Crossref Google Scholar]. This in turn means that genetic mutations having detrimental effects that are only felt late in life might persist in a population. Although widely accepted, this theory rests on the assumption that there is genetic variation for aging in natural systems [4Rose M.R. Evolutionary Biology of Aging. Oxford University Press, Oxford1991Google Scholar, 5Curtsinger J.W. Fukui H.H. Khazaeli A.A. Kirscher A. Pletcher S.D. Promislow D.E.L. Tatar M. Genetic variation and aging.Annu. Rev. Genet. 1995; 29: 553-575Crossref PubMed Scopus (97) Google Scholar], or (equivalently), that genotype-by-age interactions (GxA) occur for fitness. To date, empirical support for this assumption has come almost entirely from laboratory studies on invertebrate systems, most notably Drosophila and C. elegans [6Hughes K.A. Reynolds R.M. Evolutionary and mechanistic theories of aging.Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2005; 50: 421-445Crossref PubMed Scopus (220) Google Scholar, 7Wilson R.H. Morgan T.J. Mackay T.F.C. High-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting increased life span in Drosophila melanogaster.Genetics. 2006; 173: 1455-1463Crossref PubMed Scopus (30) Google Scholar, 8Charlesworth B. Hughes K.A. Age-specific inbreeding depression and components of genetic variance in relation to the evolution of senescence.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996; 93: 6140-6145Crossref PubMed Scopus (168) Google Scholar, 9Hughes K.A. Alipaz J.A. Drnevich J.M. Reynolds R.M. A test of evolutionary theories of aging.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99: 14286-14291Crossref PubMed Scopus (117) Google Scholar, 10Snoke M.S. Promislow D.E.L. Quantitative genetic tests of recent senescence theory: age-specific mortality and male fertility in Drosophila melanogaster.Heredity. 2003; 91: 546-556Crossref PubMed Scopus (61) Google Scholar], whereas tests of genetic variation for aging are largely lacking from natural populations [5Curtsinger J.W. Fukui H.H. Khazaeli A.A. Kirscher A. Pletcher S.D. Promislow D.E.L. Tatar M. Genetic variation and aging.Annu. Rev. Genet. 1995; 29: 553-575Crossref PubMed Scopus (97) Google Scholar]. By using data from two wild mammal populations, we perform quantitative genetic analyses of fitness and provide the first evidence for a genetic basis of senescence to come from a study in the natural environment. We find evidence that genetic differences among individuals cause variation in their rates of aging and that additive genetic variance for fitness increases with age, as predicted by the evolutionary theory of senescence." @default.
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- W2110450140 date "2007-12-01" @default.
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- W2110450140 title "Evidence for a Genetic Basis of Aging in Two Wild Vertebrate Populations" @default.
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- W2110450140 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.043" @default.
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