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• W2110509314 endingPage "438" @default.
• W2110509314 startingPage "429" @default.
• W2110509314 abstract "Anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), an endogenous agonist for both the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and the vanilloid VR1 receptor, elicits neurobehavioral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and proapoptotic effects. Because of the central role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the inflammatory process and the immune response, we postulated that AEA might owe some of its effects to the suppression of NF-kappaB. This study shows that AEA inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation by direct inhibition of the IkappaB kinase (IKK)beta and, to a lesser extent, the IKKalpha subunits of kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB) kinase complex, and that IKKs inhibition by AEA correlates with inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation, NF-kappaB binding to DNA, and NF-kappaB-dependent transcription in TNFalpha-stimulated cells. AEA also prevents NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase. The NF-kappaB inhibitory activity of AEA was independent of CB(1) and CB(2) activation in TNFalpha-stimulated 5.1 and A549 cell lines, which do not express vanilloid receptor 1, and was not mediated by hydrolytic products formed through the activity of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase. Chemical modification markedly affected AEA inhibitory activity on NF-kappaB, suggesting rather narrow structure-activity relationships and the specific interaction with a molecular target. Substitution of the alkyl moiety with less saturated fatty acids generally reduced or abolished activity. However, replacement of the ethanolamine head with a vanillyl group led to potent inhibition of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic activities of AEA, and should foster the synthesis of improved analogs amenable to pharmaceutical development as anti-inflammatory agents." @default.
• W2110509314 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2110509314 date "2003-02-01" @default.
• W2110509314 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2110509314 title "Anandamide Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Activation through a Cannabinoid Receptor-Independent Pathway" @default.
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• W2110509314 doi "https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.63.2.429" @default.
• W2110509314 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12527815" @default.
• W2110509314 hasPublicationYear "2003" @default.
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