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• W2111209964 abstract "Wear of polyethylene (PE) and the development of subsequent osteolysis remains a problem in total knee arthroplasty. The proximal femoral-PE insert articulation is known to be the primary producer of PE wear particles in conventional fixed bearing modular knee designs. Secondary production of PE wear occurs at the fixed insert-tibial interface due to relative micromotion between the components. Retrieval analyses of fixed bearing knees demonstrate a number of wear mechanisms that, in part, reflect the low conformity and high contact stress at the articulations and kinematics. Mobile bearing knees have been designed with increased conformity to decrease the contact stress and minimise the constraint to the PE insert with the hope of more natural kinematics. An increase in contact area has been hypothesized to produce lower wear rates. Experimental techniques have been reported to evaluate the contact stress and area footprints but are limited in that only the surface stresses can be examined. Subsurface stress distributions in PE insert may play an important role in the fatigue related wear mechanisms. This study explored subsurface stress distributions in PE using Finite element modeling (FEM) and an electronic pressure sensor or Fuji pressure sensitive film. Two mobile bearing knees and their corresponding unigraphics parts files were supplied by the manufacture (MBK, Zimmer; BalanSys Mobile, Mathys) were studied. The contact surface areas and stresses at the proximal articulation, between femoral component and proximal PE insert versus flexion angle at 5x body weight (3600N), were examined using an electronic sensor (K-Scan, Tekscan, South Boston, USA) and an experimental jig (1). The distal articulation contact surface areas were measured using ultra super low (USL) Fuji Prescale pressure-sensitive film (0.2–0.6 MPa) (Fuji Photo. Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan) (2). Subsurface contact area and stress distributions were examined experimentally by placing the K-Scan sensor between two pieces of PE of varying thickness. Three dimensional finite element models were created in Patran (MSC, CA) and analysed using Abaqus (HKS, RI). Each component was meshed using modified 10 noded tetrahedral elements. Contact conditions were defined as deform-deform between the femoral component and the PE. Boundary conditions were applied to the models as per the experimental testing. Subsurface stresses were investigated using Patran at various levels through the PE. Additional FE models were created using the femoral components articulating on a flat piece of PE to compare to the experimental data with different thickness PE. Data was analysed using a 2way analysis of variance following by a Tukey Honest Significant difference post-hoc test. The proximal and distal contact areas and stresses (proximal and subsurface) predicted from FEM were compared to the Tekscan data. Proximal articulation contact areas measured with TekScan were relatively constant up to 60° and decreased with higher degrees of flexion. Peak stresses for both designs were below the tensile yield stress of PE (21 MPa) throughout the range of flexion with the 3600 N load used in this study. Distal contact area patterns from USL Fuji film reflected the same general trend with flexion angle as the proximal surface data. The PE thickness study revealed subsurface contact areas to increase with increasing thickness of PE up to 8 mm. FE data agreed well with the experimental results in terms of contact area footprints and stresses based on a VonMises stress distribution. The experimental and finite element modeling data correlated (r2 > 0.8 for all data). Subsurface stresses were noted to be higher in both designs but remained under the yield stress of PE. This study is limited in that only a simple axial load was applied, a relatively simple FE model and no viscoelastic properties of the PE were taken into account in the FE model. Despite this, agreement between the experimental and FE studies was adequate. Understanding subsurface stress distributions may play an important role in the wear mechanisms in mobile bearing knees. We are currently exploring this using the proximal geometry of the tibial inserts to represent a more realistic comparison to the actual components used in surgery. Literature cited: 1. J Biomech 1999; 32:951–8." @default.
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• W2111209964 date "2003-07-01" @default.
• W2111209964 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2111209964 title "Paper #188 Stress distributions in mobile bearing knees" @default.
• W2111209964 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-8063(03)00589-9" @default.
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