Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2112159968> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2112159968 endingPage "3065" @default.
- W2112159968 startingPage "3057" @default.
- W2112159968 abstract "To evaluate the safety factor for flight feather shafts, in vivo strains were recorded during free flight from the dorsal surface of a variety of flight feathers of captive pigeons (Columba livia) using metal foil strain gauges. Strains recorded while the birds flew at a slow speed (approximately 5-6 m s-1) were used to calculate functional stresses on the basis of published values for the elastic modulus of feather keratin. These stresses were then compared with measurements of the failure stress obtained from four-point bending tests of whole sections of the rachis at a similar location. Recorded strains followed an oscillatory pattern, changing from tensile strain during the upstroke to compressive strain during the downstroke. Peak compressive strains were 2.2+/-0. 9 times (mean +/- s.d.) greater than peak tensile strains. Tensile strain peaks were generally not as large in more proximal flight feathers. Maximal compressive strains averaged -0.0033+/-0.0012 and occurred late in the downstroke. Bending tests demonstrated that feather shafts are most likely to fail through local buckling of their compact keratin cortex. A comparison of the mean (8.3 MPa) and maximum (15.7 MPa) peak stresses calculated from the in vivo strain recordings with the mean failure stress measured in four-point bending (137 MPa) yields a safety factor of between 9 and 17. Under more strenuous flight conditions, feather stresses are estimated to be 1.4-fold higher, reducing their safety factor to the range 6-12. These values seem high, considering that the safety factor of the humerus of pigeons has been estimated to be between 1.9 and 3.5. Several hypotheses explaining this difference in safety factor are considered, but the most reasonable explanation appears to be that flexural stiffness is more critical than strength to feather shaft performance." @default.
- W2112159968 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2112159968 creator A5053747152 @default.
- W2112159968 creator A5064104773 @default.
- W2112159968 date "1998-11-01" @default.
- W2112159968 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2112159968 title "In vivo strains in pigeon flight feather shafts: implications for structural design" @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1520891405 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W153197614 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1560068742 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1918890488 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1922858743 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1925902092 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W1970443924 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2008806208 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2028268473 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2040035506 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2045268457 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2063269255 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2071545301 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2082507625 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2090689077 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2093519360 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2102307969 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2107138706 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2107256816 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2153681676 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2180566922 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2332214372 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2415139412 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2436263620 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2613133028 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W607759288 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W2096995978 @default.
- W2112159968 cites W24254681 @default.
- W2112159968 doi "https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.22.3057" @default.
- W2112159968 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9787125" @default.
- W2112159968 hasPublicationYear "1998" @default.
- W2112159968 type Work @default.
- W2112159968 sameAs 2112159968 @default.
- W2112159968 citedByCount "72" @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682012 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682013 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682014 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682015 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682016 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682017 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682018 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682019 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682020 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682021 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682022 @default.
- W2112159968 countsByYear W21121599682023 @default.
- W2112159968 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2112159968 hasAuthorship W2112159968A5053747152 @default.
- W2112159968 hasAuthorship W2112159968A5064104773 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C102570303 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C105702510 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C112950240 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C127745971 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C159985019 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C173758957 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C192562407 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C21036866 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C2778022156 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C41905685 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C59822182 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C60584519 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C87210426 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConcept C90856448 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C102570303 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C105702510 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C112950240 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C127745971 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C138885662 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C159985019 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C173758957 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C192562407 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C21036866 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C2778022156 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C41895202 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C41905685 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C59822182 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C60584519 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C86803240 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C87210426 @default.
- W2112159968 hasConceptScore W2112159968C90856448 @default.
- W2112159968 hasIssue "22" @default.
- W2112159968 hasLocation W21121599681 @default.
- W2112159968 hasLocation W21121599682 @default.
- W2112159968 hasOpenAccess W2112159968 @default.
- W2112159968 hasPrimaryLocation W21121599681 @default.
- W2112159968 hasRelatedWork W1836000091 @default.
- W2112159968 hasRelatedWork W1969084437 @default.
- W2112159968 hasRelatedWork W2089085266 @default.