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- W2112863857 abstract "We present a synthesis of the tectonics of the Hess Deep rift valley, equatorial East Pacific Rise (EPR), as deduced fromstructural, paleomagnetic, petrological, geochemical, and borehole geophysical data acquired during Ocean Drilling Program(ODP) Leg 147. These data show that the crustal section and underlying shallow mantle lithologies now exposed in Hess Deepwere formed by seafloor spreading at the north-south-trending EPR, were then transported eastward away from the EPR ridgeaxis, and became influenced by extensional tectonism caused by amagmatic rifting in advance of the westward-propagatingCocos-Nazca spreading center.Seawater influx into layer 3, the plutonic portion of the oceanic crust, commenced soon after crystallization, with pervasiveinflux of water along randomly oriented microfracture networks and grain boundaries, mostly at temperatures of 600°-750°C.This permeability was probably created by tensile brittle failure upon subsolidus cooling and thermal contraction of the gabbro,and must have been established within several tens of thousands of years after axial magma emplacement and within a few kilometersof the ridge axis. When the upper plutonic section had cooled to a temperature of ~450°C, probably a few tens of kilometersfrom the EPR axis and tens to a couple of hundred thousand years after axial magmatism, it became influenced by theeffects of Cocos-Nazca rifting, and a dense array of east-west tensile fractures developed. Widespread access of seawater tosub-Moho levels and consequent onset of serpentinization occurred at this time.The ODP drill sites are located on an intra-rift horst block in the north of Hess Deep, and previous workers had speculatedthat serpentinite diapirism was responsible for the differential uplift of this block. However, textural evidence from the drillcores suggests that serpentinization of the shallow mantle there was a predominantly static phenomenon; hence, exhumation ofthe lower crust and shallow mantle appears to have taken place by block faulting rather than incoherent diapirism. Uplift of theintra-rift ridge was accommodated on normal Cataclastic shear zones, which contain low-temperature mineral assemblages(150°-250°C), implying that uplift occurred at a relatively late stage.Paleomagnetic data from the drillsites, fully restored to geographical coordinates, show that the intra-rift ridge has sufferedsignificant tectonic rotation, with both a northward component of tilt and a counter-clockwise vertical-axis component of rotation.We do not have sufficient evidence to constrain unequivocally the axis or axes of rotation, but argue that compound rotationsare likely in such a complex tectonic setting. In conjunction with other geophysical evidence from the Hess Deep area, wetentatively conclude that a counter-clockwise vertical-axis tectonic rotation occurred at a very early stage, perhaps in the overlapbasin of the duelling propagators at 2°N on the EPR. At a later stage, and associated with the opening of the Hess Deep rift,northward tilting appears to have occurred (about a subhorizontal axis), as a result of rotational normal faulting above a southdippingdetachment surface. Later, post-detachment normal faulting was probably responsible for the isolation and differentialuplift of the intra-rift ridge." @default.
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- W2112863857 date "1996-04-01" @default.
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- W2112863857 title "Tectonics of Hess Deep: A Synthesis of Drilling Results from Leg 147" @default.
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- W2112863857 doi "https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.147.032.1996" @default.
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