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• W2113190248 abstract "30333 Understanding how C-type viruses behave in lower spe- cies can reasonably be expected to provide useful clues for the human situation. Data concerning birds, cats, and mice have been presented in the 3 preceding papers, each animal model suggesting certain parallels for humans. One cannot help noting, however, that these 3 animal systems are not identical, the most striking difference being the apparent relative lack of horizontal virus transmission in mice as opposed to birds and cats. In extrapolating to humans, therefore, we must be cautious since, just as the murine model does not fully predict the avian and feline situations, none of the 3 may entirely foreshadow the human. I would comment on 4 aspects of this subject. First, although this segment of the conference bears the title, Acute Leukemia, the range of diagnoses associated with oncornavirus infection encompasses the entire spectrum of hematopoietic cancers, lymphoid as well as myeloid, lym- phomas as well as leukemias. Research on humans with respect to oncornavirus-related cancer etiology should, therefore, not be confined to acute leukemia. By the same token, however, the range of tumor diagnoses to be given primary consideration should not extend much beyond the realm of hematological and lymphoid cancer. As Dr. Gard- ner (3) has indicated, experimental evidence in animals suggests no direct relationship to tumors of other tissues, with the exception of sarcomas. However, the finding of increased incidence of various nonhematopoietic tumors in mice with heightened virus activity implies perhaps some other viral agent or some associated genetic-host factor which, in turn, will need further study. The 2nd point is to emphasize the importance of host factors, both genetic and immunological, in all 3 model systems. This is perhaps most clearly seen in the avian model where viral infection and tumorigenesis are deter- mined by a mix of genetic makeup, maternal infection, and maternal immune status. Different combinations of these 3 factors appear to predict quite precisely the extent to which Subgroup A virus will produce lymphoid tumor in young chickens. Dr. Crittenden in his paper (1) refers only briefly to the Subgroup E virus, Rous-associated virus type 0, which apparently is an endogenous virus widespread in flocks but only rarely a cause of tumor in chickens less than 2 years of age. Since 2 years is relatively young for a chicken, I suspect that the experimental emphasis on 1" @default.
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• W2113190248 date "1976-02-01" @default.
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• W2113190248 title "Epidemiological implications of animal leukemia virus models for the human situation: formal discussion." @default.
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