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- W2113993673 abstract "Abstract The activating properties of granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF were studied in vitro with human monocytes infected by influenza A virus. When monocytes were pretreated for 8 h with GM-CSF (100 U/ml) and then exposed to influenza A virus, de novo virus protein synthesis was enhanced, more virus particles were released, and cells were killed at a higher rate. In virus-infected monocytes, GM-CSF induced a more rapid IFN-alpha release and potentiated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Although GM-CSF or influenza A virus were each capable of independently activating TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 gene transcription, a combination of both induced a massive cytokine mRNA accumulation which was readily translated into bioactive protein. Thus, GM-CSF may display a Janus-like action by accelerating virus infection but also by priming monocytes for elevated cytokine production. Whether the facilitated influenza A virus replication caused by GM-CSF may be counterbalanced by an improved cytokine response remains to be studied under more complex in vivo conditions." @default.
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- W2113993673 title "Effect of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human monocytes infected with influenza A virus. Enhancement of virus replication, cytokine release, and cytotoxicity." @default.
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- W2113993673 doi "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.10.5416" @default.
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