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• W2114251770 abstract "--We compared the potential of Alpha-chloralose (A-C) and DRC-1339 to reduce a nesting population of herring gulls at an industrial site in Ohio in 1988. Almost all treated baits were consumed by gulls but only about one affected gull was noted for every 10 baits consumed of either chemical. A test indicated our DRC-1339 baits. containing 3.7 7.4 times the published LD value, were not lethal to most captive herring gulls living in fresh water. LD values of A-C and DRC-1339 need to be more precisely estimated for gull species in fresh and salt water environments. 'Paper presented at the Ninth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop. [Fort Collins, April 18-19, 19897 woronecki Dolbeer and Seamans are Wildlife Biologist, Project Leader and Technician respectively, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Denver Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Oh. 148 to control herring, and great black-backed gulls ( Larus marinus ) in the coastal nesting areas of Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine. There are no gull toxicants registered for field use outside the coastal nesting areas of the Northeastern U.S. EPA is currently considering the expansion of the present registration to include ring-billed gulls and other geographical locations. • USDA/APHIS/ADC operational personnel have indicated a need for expansion of present registrations or development of new chemical registrations for gull control lFagerstone and Schafer 1988). The objective of this pilot field study was to compare the potential of a presently unregistered chemical, alpha chloralose (CBH „ C1.0~) and the registered gull toxicant DRC-1339, to reduce a nesting population of herring gulls in Ohio. DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICALS Alpha-chloralose (A-C) is a narcotic which depresses the cortical centers of the brain but has no effect on the medulla (Borg 1955, Crider and McDaniel 1967). A-C has proven to be relatively safe in capturing birds for research (Murton et al. 1963, 1968, Crider and McDaniel 1966, 1967, 1969, Williams 1966, Williams et al. 1966, Crider 1967; Martin 1967, Crider et al. 1968, Austin et al. 1972, Cline and Greenwood 1972, Williams and Phillips 1972, 1973, Pomeroy and Woodford 1976, Holbrook and Vaughn 1985). INTRODUCTION Gull populations have increased in recent years in North America resulting in urban nuisance problems, agricultural crop damage and reductions in populations of other bird species that compete for nest sites (Ludwig 1966, Drury 1973, Conover 1983, Blokpoel and Tessier 1986). In the western Lake Erie region, ring-billed ( Larus delawarensis ) and herring ( Larus aroentatus ) gull populations during autumn migration have increased 20and 6-fold, respectively, in the past 30 years (Dolbeer and Bernhardt 1986). There are 95 chemical products currentlv registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control bird damage and nuisance problems in the United States (Eschen and Schafer 1986). Only four include gulls as target species: Polybwtene and Polyisobutylene both nontoxic tactile repellents: 4Aminopyridine (Avitrol) a lethal frightening agent; and 3-chloro-4-methyl-benzenamine HCL (DRC-1339), a toxicant. Currently, DRC-1339 can only be used by U.S. government personnel A-C has also been used to reduce populations of several species of birds (without endangering nontarget species) that either were a nuisance, potential hazard to aircraft or harmful to agriculture (Anon. 1960, 1962, Thearle 1960, 1969a, 19696, Ridpath et al. 1961, Murton 1962, 1963, Murton et al. 1965, Caithness 1968, Thearle et al. 1971, Cyr 1977, Feare et al. 1981. Dolbeer 1987). Several bird and mammal species have had a LD and a ED,. [sometimes referred to as Temporary Immobilization dose (TISO) not to be confused with the therapeutic index (TI)7 established3. The ED,„ of A-C for wild birds ranges from 5.6 85 mg/kg and the LD3o from 32 400 mg/kg with a safety factor from 3.2 23. The LD range for rats, cats and dogs is 200-600 mg/kg (Goldenberg 1893, Giban 1950 and 1951, Borg 1955, Ridpath et al. 1961, Schafer and Cunningham 1972, Pesticides Board 1977, Cunningham et al. 1987). A-C has been registered as an avian control agent in Great Britain, France, New Zealand and Australia. However, limited attention has been given to the use of A-C as an agent for the capture or poisoning of gulls. Borg (1955) had a kill rate of 93'/. for herring gulls in Sweden with an A-C bait concentration of 100 mg in 80 g fish (0.125'/. A-C by weight). Caithness (1968) killed at least 85'/. of a breeding colony of 2,500 southern black-backed gulls ( Larus dominicanus ) in New Zealand with 5-g bread baits each containing 200 mg of A-C (3.77%. A-C by weight). Control activities on lesser blackbacked gulls ( Larus fuscus ) and herring gulls have been conducted at their breeding sites during egg incubation in Great Britain. A-C treated bread squares placed in nests were eaten by the adults (Mitchell 1976). However, neither the EDS~ nor LD,,,o for A-C have been established for any gull species. Physical, chemical and toxicological properties of DRC-1339 have been summarized by DeCino et al. (1966) and Schafer (1979). DRC1339 is a slow-acting toxicant that impairs the circulatory system, causing uremic poisoning and congestion of major organs. Death can occur up to four days after ingestion. DRC1339 is registered' in the U.S. to reduce populations of several species of birds that are a nuisance or harmful to agriculture (Eschen and Schafer 1986) and" @default.
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• W2114251770 title "Field Trials of Alpha-Chloralose and DRC-1339 for Reducing Numbers of Herring Gulls" @default.
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