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• W2114498908 abstract "SUMMARY Blood gases (PO2, PCO2, pH), oxygen content, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were measured during rest-associated apneas of nine juvenile northern elephant seals. In conjunction with blood volume determinations, these data were used to determine total blood oxygen stores, the rate and magnitude of blood O2 depletion, the contribution of the blood O2 store to apneic metabolic rate, and the degree of hypoxemia that occurs during these breath-holds. Mean body mass was 66±9.7 kg (± s.d.); blood volume was 196±20 ml kg–1; and hemoglobin concentration was 23.5±1.5 g dl–1. Rest apneas ranged in duration from 3.1 to 10.9 min. Arterial PO2 declined exponentially during apnea, ranging between a maximum of 108 mmHg and a minimum of 18 mmHg after a 9.1 min breath-hold. Venous PO2 values were indistinguishable from arterial values after the first minute of apnea; the lowest venous PO2 recorded was 15 mmHg after a 7.8 min apnea. O2 contents were also similar between the arterial and venous systems, declining linearly at rates of 2.3 and 2.0 ml O2 dl–1 min–1, respectively, from mean initial values of 27.2 and 26.0 ml O2 dl–1. These blood O2 depletion rates are approximately twice the reported values during forced submersion and are consistent with maintenance of previously measured high cardiac outputs during rest-associated breath-holds. During a typical 7-min apnea, seals consumed, on average, 56% of the initial blood O2 store of 52 ml O2 kg–1; this contributed 4.2 ml O2 kg–1 min–1to total body metabolic rate during the breath-hold. Extreme hypoxemic tolerance in these seals was demonstrated by arterial PO2 values during late apnea that were less than human thresholds for shallow-water blackout. Despite such low PO2s, there was no evidence of significant anaerobic metabolism, as changes in blood pH were minimal and attributable to increased PCO2. These findings and the previously reported lack of lactate accumulation during these breath-holds are consistent with the maintenance of aerobic metabolism even at low oxygen tensions during rest-associated apneas. Such hypoxemic tolerance is necessary in order to allow dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin and provide effective utilization of the blood O2 store." @default.
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• W2114498908 date "2007-08-01" @default.
• W2114498908 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2114498908 title "Blood oxygen depletion during rest-associated apneas of northern elephant seals (<i>Mirounga angustirostris</i>)" @default.
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• W2114498908 doi "https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.008078" @default.
• W2114498908 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17644675" @default.
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