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- W2116519996 abstract "Estimation of residual hydrocarbon saturation remains an outstanding problem in formation evaluation. Standard interpretation methods for nuclear-resistivity logs cannot distinguish between mobile and trapped hydrocarbon saturation. In extreme cases, fluid pumpout and production testing are the only options to differentiate between moveable and residual hydrocarbon saturation. We develop a new method to diagnose and quantify residual hydrocarbon saturation that combines resistivity and nuclear logs with the physics of mud-filtrate invasion. An initial multi-layer petrophysical model is constructed with standard procedures of well-log interpretation and core measurements. Thereafter, we simulate the physics of mud-filtrate invasion and the corresponding resistivity, density, and neutron logs. We refine the initial estimate of residual hydrocarbon saturation of relative permeability curves until achieving a good agreement between simulated and measured neutron and density logs. Subsequently, we refine initial estimates of water saturation, porosity, and permeability until securing a good match between numerically simulated and measured resistivity logs. The method of interpretation considers two specific options for implementation: (1) quantification of the influence of residual hydrocarbon saturation on the radial distribution of fluid saturation due to invasion, and (2) appraisal of invasion effects on the vertical distribution of fluid saturation within a flow unit that exhibits both hydrocarbon and water saturation in capillary equilibrium. We describe application examples for the cases of tight-gas sand reservoirs invaded with water-base mud (WBM) and oil-bearing reservoirs invaded with oilbase mud (OBM). In the case of tight-gas sands, our method explains the marginal producibility of deeply invaded beds that exhibit cross-over between density and neutron logs. For a 0.15-porosity formation, the cross-over between neutron and density logs increases by 2.4 porosity units when residual gas saturation increases by 0.1. Interpretation results indicate measurable sensitivity of nuclear logs to residual hydrocarbon saturation in cases of deep WBM invasion due to immiscibility between invaded and in-situ fluids. However, the accuracy of the method decreases with increasing values of porosity. In the case of OBM invasion, reliable estimations of residual hydrocarbon saturation are possible with relative density differences above 15% between mud filtrate and in-situ hydrocarbon." @default.
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- W2116519996 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W2116519996 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2116519996 title "Improving The Assessment Of Residual Hydrocarbon Saturation With The Combined Quantitative Interpretation Of Resistivity And Nuclear Logs" @default.
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