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• W2116737911 abstract "The societal need for new central nervous system (CNS) medicines is substantial, because of the global increase in life expectancy and the accompanying increase in age-related CNS diseases. Low blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability has been one of the major causes of failure for new CNS drug candidates. There has therefore been a great interest in cell models, which mimic BBB permeation properties. In this review, we present an overview of the performance of monocultured, cocultured, and triple-cultured primary cells and immortalized cell lines, including key parameters such as transendothelial electrical resistance values, permeabilities of paracellular flux markers, and expression of BBB-specific marker proteins. Microfluidic systems are gaining ground as a new automated technical platform for cell culture and systematic analysis. The performance of these systems was compared with current state-of-the-art models and it was noted that, although they show great promise, these systems have not yet reached beyond the proof-of-concept stage. In general, it was found that there were large variations in experimental protocols, BBB phenotype markers, and paracellular flux markers used. It is the author’s opinion that the field may benefit greatly from developing standardized methodologies and initiating collaborative efforts on optimizing culture protocols. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association. The societal need for new central nervous system (CNS) medicines is substantial, because of the global increase in life expectancy and the accompanying increase in age-related CNS diseases. Low blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability has been one of the major causes of failure for new CNS drug candidates. There has therefore been a great interest in cell models, which mimic BBB permeation properties. In this review, we present an overview of the performance of monocultured, cocultured, and triple-cultured primary cells and immortalized cell lines, including key parameters such as transendothelial electrical resistance values, permeabilities of paracellular flux markers, and expression of BBB-specific marker proteins. Microfluidic systems are gaining ground as a new automated technical platform for cell culture and systematic analysis. The performance of these systems was compared with current state-of-the-art models and it was noted that, although they show great promise, these systems have not yet reached beyond the proof-of-concept stage. In general, it was found that there were large variations in experimental protocols, BBB phenotype markers, and paracellular flux markers used. It is the author’s opinion that the field may benefit greatly from developing standardized methodologies and initiating collaborative efforts on optimizing culture protocols. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association. Abbreviations used:BAECbovine aortic endothelial cellsBCECbrain capillary endothelial cellsBBECbovine brain endothelial cellsPBECporcine brain endothelial cellsHBEChuman brain endothelial cellsHBMECshuman brain microvascular endothelial cellsHBVEChuman brain vascular endothelial cellshCMEChuman cardiac microvascular endothelial cellsMBECmurine brain endothelial cellsNPCneural progenitor cellsRBCECsrat brain capillary endothelial cellsRBECsrat brain endothelial cellsRBMECsrat brain microvascular endothelial cellsTEERtransendothelial electrical resistanceTJtight junction. bovine aortic endothelial cells brain capillary endothelial cells bovine brain endothelial cells porcine brain endothelial cells human brain endothelial cells human brain microvascular endothelial cells human brain vascular endothelial cells human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells murine brain endothelial cells neural progenitor cells rat brain capillary endothelial cells rat brain endothelial cells rat brain microvascular endothelial cells transendothelial electrical resistance tight junction." @default.
• W2116737911 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2116737911 creator A5000479314 @default.
• W2116737911 creator A5002691603 @default.
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• W2116737911 creator A5063671814 @default.
• W2116737911 date "2015-09-01" @default.
• W2116737911 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W2116737911 title "In Vitro Blood–Brain Barrier Models—An Overview of Established Models and New Microfluidic Approaches" @default.
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