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• W2117070502 abstract "Gastrointestinal nematodes are estimated to cost the Australian sheep industry nearly AUD$400 million annually. Monepantel is a developmental compound from the amino-acetonitrile derivative class of anthelmintics that was developed to overcome the problem of resistance in currently available anthelmintics.1 The aim of this registration study from Novartis was to determine its efficacy against field infections of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.1 This was a controlled field study using sheep that were naturally infected with the major gastrointestinal nematode genera present in Australia, including Haemonchus, Teladorsagia (Ostertagia), Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Chabertia and Oesophagostomum. Efficacy and safety was compared in groups of sheep treated with an oral solution of monepantel or a registered anthelmintic. A high proportion of the targeted nematode populations was confirmed to be resistant to one or more of the currently available anthelmintic classes. Post-treatment standard faecal worm egg count reduction tests showed that efficacy was >98% after 1 week and at least 99% at 2 and 3 weeks. The authors report that monepantel was effective against natural field infections of the gastrointestinal nematodes, including some populations that were resistant to the currently available broad-spectrum anthelmintics. None of the commercial anthelmintic-treated groups had significantly lower faecal egg counts than the monepantel-treated groups. The authors concluded that field use of monepantel was safe for the target animals and human operators. Cranial cruciate ligament deficiency is a common cause of hindlimb lameness in the dog. Tibial wedge ostectomy and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy reduce the tibial plateau angle to increase hindlimb stability during weight-bearing in the dog with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. Tibial wedge ostectomy does not need special equipment and can be performed in young dogs before closure of the physis, but is technically demanding and the potential for complications is high. In this retrospective study from the Northern Sydney Veterinary Specialist Centre, 249 dogs had unilateral and 51 had bilateral tibial wedge ostectomy.2 Results showed that the preoperative tibial plateau angles were 24°, decreasing to 8° postoperatively and 10° at follow-up. The specific approach used was decided by the surgeons. Overall, complications occurred in 31.7% (95/300) and included seroma formation, infection, implant loosening, postoperative medial meniscal tears, tibial fractures, fibular nerve dysfunction and dehiscence. The rate of revision surgery was 12.33% (37 cases). The underlying cause of seizure disorders is frequently not identified because specific diagnostic techniques may be financially out of the reach of many clients. In this cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire was given to 2500 veterinarians to determine how many dogs and cats they were actively treating for seizures, their anticonvulsant drug preferences and whether they routinely measured serum anticonvulsant concentrations and/or biochemical analytes.3 A total of 179 were returned (7% response rate). Results showed that phenobarbitone was the most commonly used drug for managing chronic seizure disorders in dogs and cats; 82% of respondents used a combination of phenobarbitone and potassium bromide in dogs. Diazepam was used by 44% to control status epilepticus. A total of 71% of respondents routinely monitored serum anticonvulsant drug concentrations and 45% monitored liver biochemical analytes. The authors conclude that the survey gives a snapshot of how Australian veterinarians are managing acute and chronic seizures. Most respondents (96%) felt comfortable managing seizures in dogs, but only 63% were comfortable managing affected cats. This case report is of a 2-year-old male Burmese cat that had chronic progressive hindlimb weakness, ataxia and urinary incontinence.4 Radiographic examination, myelography and magnetic resonance imaging showed congenital vertebral anomalies and a space-occupying intradural, extramedullary mass at the level of T1 to T3. A dermoid sinus was identified in the skin dorsal to the affected spine. This is a developmental defect that is a tubular tract of skin that extends from the subcutaneous tissue to the spinal canal. The authors performed a dorsal laminectomy and removed a 1-cm diameter intradural dermoid sinus cyst that contained hair and sebaceous debris. The cat recovered hindlimb function after surgery and still had no neurological defects 50 months after surgery, except that manual expression of the bladder was needed twice daily as it was unable to urinate voluntarily. The pearl oyster industry is the most valuable of Australia's shellfish culturing industry, with annual exports of nearly AUD$300 million. Haplosporidia are parasitic protozoa that are a notifiable disease in Western Australia and infection results in compulsory destruction of affected stock. Research and surveillance is needed to identify endemic diseases to ensure that there is movement of only healthy oysters from hatcheries to the open sea. The aim of this study was to determine if juvenile pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) infected with Haplosporidium hinei are also infected with another haplosporidian parasite, Minchinia occulta.5 The study used archived samples of pearl oysters infected with H. hinei to analyse and identify haplosporidians using polymerase chain reaction assays and in situ hybridisation. The authors concluded that juvenile pearl oysters, or spat, are susceptible to infection by a Minchinia parasite, most likely M. occulta, which was recently identified in rock oysters along the same coastline and was associated with mortalities of up to 80%. The authors conclude that more research is needed on the susceptibility of juvenile pearl oysters to haplosporidia, as well as the age at which effective immune response starts. They consider that this could have significant implications for moving hatchery bred pearl oyster spat into the wild. A Monteggia fracture is a humero-radial luxation combined with a fracture of the ulna. It is distinguished into four types according to the direction of luxation of the radial head and the involvement of fractures. It is a rare injury, infrequently reported in the horse. This case report describes the surgical repair of such a fracture in a 4-month-old filly that had humero-radial luxation, fracture of the proximal radius and transverse fracture of the ulnar body.6 Radiographs of the joint before and after repair are included and the authors conclude that surgery was successful in producing a pasture-sound animal." @default.
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• W2117070502 date "2009-11-01" @default.
• W2117070502 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2117070502 title "In this issue - November 2009" @default.
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• W2117070502 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00517.x" @default.
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