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• W2118604333 abstract "The penetration of T cells and trypanosomes into the brain parenchyma is a major pathogenetic event in African trypanosomiasis.The role of innate immune responses in the penetration of T cells and Trypanosoma brucei brucei into the brain was studied in knockout mice by using double immunofluorescent staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction.We demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-MyD88-mediated signaling is required for T-cell and parasite penetration into the brain and microglial activation, besides controlling parasitemia and antigen-specific T-cell activation. Among different TLR-deficient mice studied, TLR9 mediated parasitemia control and T-cell penetration into the brain. TLR-MyD88 signals increased levels of interferon (IFN) β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α transcripts in the brains of infected mice and both TNF-α and IFN-α/β, receptors promoted T-cell and trypanosoma infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Both resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells in the brain controlled parasite densities in a TLR2- and TLR9-MyD88-mediated manner. However, neither IFN-α/β nor TNF-α contributed to parasite control in the brain.Our data indicate that innate immune TLR signals stimulate the expression of TNF-α and IFN-α/β that initiate brain invasion of T cells and trypanosomes, and control T. brucei brucei load in the brain by molecules distinct from these." @default.
• W2118604333 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2118604333 date "2011-11-23" @default.
• W2118604333 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W2118604333 title "Distinct Toll-like Receptor Signals Regulate Cerebral Parasite Load and Interferon α/β and Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Dependent T-Cell Infiltration in the Brains of Trypanosoma brucei–Infected Mice" @default.
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• W2118604333 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jir734" @default.
• W2118604333 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3244369" @default.
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• W2118604333 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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