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- W2119713108 abstract "There are strong links between obesity, elevated free fatty acids, and type 2 diabetes. Specifically, the saturated fatty acid palmitate has pleiotropic effects on β-cell function and survival. In the present study, we sought to determine the mechanism by which palmitate affects intracellular Ca 2+ , and in particular the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In human β-cells and MIN6 cells, palmitate rapidly increased cytosolic Ca 2+ through a combination of Ca 2+ store release and extracellular Ca 2+ influx. Palmitate caused a reversible lowering of ER Ca 2+ , measured directly with the fluorescent protein-based ER Ca 2+ sensor D1ER. Using another genetically encoded indicator, we observed long-lasting oscillations of cytosolic Ca 2+ in palmitate-treated cells. In keeping with this observed ER Ca 2+ depletion, palmitate induced rapid phosphorylation of the ER Ca 2+ sensor protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) and subsequently ER stress and β-cell death. We detected little palmitate-induced insulin secretion, suggesting that these Ca 2+ signals are poorly coupled to exocytosis. In summary, we have characterized Ca 2+ -dependent mechanisms involved in altered β-cell function and survival induced by the free fatty acid palmitate. We present the first direct evidence that free fatty acids reduce ER Ca 2+ and shed light on pathways involved in lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes." @default.
- W2119713108 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2119713108 date "2009-04-01" @default.
- W2119713108 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W2119713108 title "Effects of palmitate on ER and cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup>homeostasis in β-cells" @default.
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- W2119713108 doi "https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90525.2008" @default.
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