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- W2120488926 abstract "Epidemiological evidence documents that women outlive men, and the exact reasons for this higher gender-specific mortality are not fully understood. Data from the last few decades suggest that low serum testosterone (T) is associated with increased male morbidity and mortality. Subjects with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) often have reduced levels of T in comparison to healthy subjects. Experimental data indicate that T exerts a protective effect on vascular function; however, the relationship between CVD and serum T levels in men remains contradictory. Two recent meta-analyses have shown that low endogenous T levels are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD death, but not with incident CVD. In addition, three meta-analyses found no significant effect of T replacement therapy on the occurrence of CV events. Hence, the main issue regarding the association between male hypogonadism and CVD is that it is not apparent which one is the cause and which is the consequence. In prostate cancer patients, the increased prevalence of obesity, T2DM, MetS, and CVD, induced by androgen ablation, suggests that T suppression is causative. However, the T suppressing effect caused by various chronic diseases (including MetS and T2DM) suggests the opposite. Therefore, while low T may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD, the reverse is also possible. One cannot exclude the possibility that low T, as observed in several chronic diseases, represents an adaptive mechanism for turning off T-dependent functions (such as reproduction and physical vigor) that are not needed when the organism is sick." @default.
- W2120488926 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2120488926 creator A5049129057 @default.
- W2120488926 creator A5049759930 @default.
- W2120488926 creator A5056340385 @default.
- W2120488926 date "2012-10-18" @default.
- W2120488926 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2120488926 title "Testosterone and Its Association with Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease" @default.
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