FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2120608836> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2120608836 endingPage "1297" @default.
• W2120608836 startingPage "1295" @default.
• W2120608836 abstract "Future MicrobiologyVol. 9, No. 12 EditorialFree AccessCandida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: a potential synergistic alliance to cause virulent tooth decay in childrenHyun Koo & William H BowenHyun Koo*Author for correspondence: E-mail Address: koohy@dental.upenn.edu Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Orthodontics & Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USASearch for more papers by this author & William H Bowen Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USASearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:17 Dec 2014https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.92AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit Keywords: biofilmsglucosyltransferasesCandida albicansearly childhood cariesexopolysaccharidesextracellular matrixpolymicrobial Streptococcus mutansDental caries represents one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-dependent diseases that afflict children and adults worldwide [1]. The disease, manifested clinically as cavities, is a prime example of the consequences arising from interactions on (tooth) surfaces between microorganisms, microbial products, host (saliva) and diet (sugar), leading to the establishment of pathogenic biofilms, or dental plaque, that causes tooth decay.Early childhood caries (ECC) is a particularly virulent type of tooth decay that most frequently afflicts underprivileged preschool children [1]. The onset and progression of carious lesions in ECC is rapid and aggressive, resulting in rampant destruction of the smooth surfaces of teeth; they are painful, recurring and frequently require surgery under general anesthesia. It is an extremely expensive disease to treat and constitutes a major challenge in public health [1].Streptococcus mutans has been ascribed as the primary microbial culprit of ECC through its heavy presence in the biofilms formed on the tooth surface (albeit additional bacteria may be also involved with the pathogenesis of dental caries) [2–4]. In addition to heavy infection by S. mutans, the plaque collected from caries-active children is also particularly rich in extracellular polysaccharides. Furthermore, it has long been recognized that diet (e.g., persistent exposure to sugars) plays a critical role in the etiology of ECC [1].Many attribute virulence of S. mutans solely to its ability to produce acid and to tolerate an acidic environment. However, many organisms found in cariogenic dental plaque share these biological properties [5]. We believe that S. mutans's key virulence factor resides in its ability to convert dietary sucrose into a diverse range of soluble and, particularly, insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) through exoenzymes such as glucosyltransferases (Gtfs). The EPS are the prime building blocks of cariogenic biofilms. They promote the colonization of the tooth surface by S. mutans and the recruitment of additional microorganisms into dental plaque, while forming the scaffold core or matrix of the biofilm [6]. In addition, EPS-rich matrix also creates a diffusion-limiting barrier, facilitating the creation of acidic microenvironments at the biofilm–tooth interface [6,7], which are critical for the dissolution of the adjacent tooth enamel.Results from previous clinical studies reveal that, in addition to S. mutans, the fungus Candida albicans is frequently detected in high numbers in plaque-biofilms from toddlers with ECC [8–10]. This observation was intriguing because C. albicans usually does not associate well with S. mutans, nor does it colonize teeth effectively on its own or cause severe smooth-surface carious lesions in rodent models [11,12]. Rather, C. albicans adheres mainly to oral mucosa (e.g., cheek and tongue) as well as to acrylic surfaces (such as those found in some dental prosthesis), while interacting with commensal streptococci (e.g., Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis) to cause mucosal infections [13,14]. Furthermore, Candida usually does not metabolize sucrose efficiently which of course added to the enigma. Evidence from prior in vitro studies revealed that the adhesive interactions between S. mutans and C. albicans may be enhanced in the presence of sucrose [15,16], while promoting mixed-species biofilm formation [17,18]. Images derived from scanning electron microscopy demonstrated extracellular material formed between streptococci and yeast cells [15,18], suggesting that glucans play a role in mediating binding to each other and the development of mixed-species biofilms when grown in sucrose. Indeed, using purified Gtf enzymes, we demonstrated that glucans formed in situ by GtfB greatly enhances co-adherence between S. mutans and C. albicans cells while simultaneously facilitating fungal adhesion to saliva-coated apatitic surfaces in vitro [16]. Collectively, these observations can explain at least in part why C. albicans are found together with S. mutans in plaque-biofilms associated with ECC.Although C. albicans is detected commonly in plaque from patients with ECC, their role if any in the pathogenesis of the disease has remained puzzling. Recently, we have observed an extraordinary synergistic interaction between C. albicans and S. mutans mediated through the influence of bacterially derived Gtfs exoenzymes [12]. We have determined that S. mutans Gtfs (particularly GtfB) binds to the surface of C. albicans cells even when they are in hyphal form thereby converting them into de facto glucan producers when sucrose is available. This unique interaction results in an enormous increase in the amount of EPS in the biofilm matrix, and synergistically enhances the expression of virulence in vivo as determined using a rodent model of dental caries [12]. In our animal model and as noticed in patients with ECC, many of the carious lesions occur on the free smooth surfaces of the teeth. We found a dramatic increase in the number and severity of smooth-surface lesions in the dually infected animals compared with singly infected animals [12]. This striking in vivo evidence supports the concept that ECC in toddlers may actually result from infection by both organisms together with overexposure to sucrose.Most commonly, lesions occur on the biting (fissure) surface of molars except under exceptional circumstance, for example, when access by saliva to tooth surfaces is restricted. We observed that the combination of S. mutans and Candida dramatically modifies the physical environment of the biofilms by enhancing the amounts of highly insoluble and diffusion-limiting glucan, thereby increasing the bulk of the biofilms and the density of infection [12]. We suggest that the presence of abundant EPS matrix (surrounding a dense population of acidogenic microbial cells) could effectively block access by saliva to the interior of the biofilm and/or prevent acid within biofilm from diffusing outward [7,12]. This phenomenon would ensure that the acid formed within the biofilm would remain unneutralized and lead to a protracted acid dissolution of the enamel. Clearly, we have identified a novel and truly unique physical interaction where a bacterially produced exoenzyme adheres to, and functions on, the surface of an organism from another kingdom, transforming it into a fierce stimulator of cariogenic biofilm formation.It is also conceivable that acid production by the combination of S. mutans and C. albicans was enhanced, as the fungus is highly acidogenic [11]. Furthermore, the presence of these organisms together within biofilm could also induce additional responses in one another [12,19]. Whether other factors such as signaling interactors [19] mediate this synergistic cross-kingdom interaction to influence the pathogenesis of dental caries remain to be elucidated in vivo.Previous human and in vitro studies combined with our recent in vivo work offer plausible data to support the clinical importance of the association between C. albicans and S. mutans in the pathogenesis of ECC; further longitudinal and epidemiological studies are certainly worthy of exploration. Clearly, unusual combinations of organisms may generate biofilms with unique virulence properties and demonstrate the need to explore the interactions of mixed flora so frequently observed in medically relevant biofilms formed in vivo [20]. There is much to learn about the assembly principles, structure and physiology of mixed-species biofilms.Our observation serves once again to emphasize the critical role that the matrix plays in biofilm formation, architecture and expression of virulence. Furthermore, our results suggest the need to explore how Candida infection is acquired and whether some strains are more infectious than others. In addition, the available evidence prompts the possibility of incorporating anti-Candida therapy in the treatment of ECC and reiterates the need to develop effective agents to inhibit Gtfs. Such approaches combined with effective use of fluoride could help to bring this costly and painful affliction under control.Financial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.References1 Dye BA, Tan S, Smith V et al. Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Vital Health Stat. 11 (248), 1–92 (2007).Google Scholar2 Parisotto TM, Steiner-Oliveira C, Silva CM et al. Early childhood caries and mutans streptococci: a systematic review. Oral Health Prev. Dent. 8(1), 59–70 (2010).Medline, Google Scholar3 Gross EL, Leys EJ, Gasparovich SR et al. Bacterial 16S sequence analysis of severe caries in young permanent teeth. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(11), 4121–4128 (2010).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Hughes CV, Dahlan M, Papadopolou E et al. Aciduric microbiota and mutans streptococci in severe and recurrent severe early childhood caries. Pediatr. Dent. 34(2), e16–23 (2012).Medline, Google Scholar5 Nyvad B, Crielaard W, Mira A et al. Dental caries from a molecular microbiological perspective. Caries Res. 47(2), 89–102 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar6 Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 45(1), 69–86 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar7 Xiao J, Klein MI, Falsetta ML et al. The exopolysaccharide matrix modulates the interaction between 3D architecture and virulence of a mixed-species oral biofilm. PLoS Pathog. 8(4), e1002623 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar8 de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J et al. Presence of mutans Streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch. Oral Biol. 51(11), 1024–1028 (2006).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar9 Raja M, Hannan A, Ali K. Association of oral candidal carriage with dental caries in children. Caries Res. 44(3), 272–276 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar10 Yang XQ, Zhang Q, Lu LY et al. Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries. Arch. Oral Biol. 57(8), 1048–1053 (2012).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar11 Klinke T, Guggenheim B, Klimm W, Thurnheer T. Dental caries in rats associated with Candida albicans. Caries Res. 45(2), 100–106 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar12 Falsetta ML, Klein MI, Colonne PM et al. Symbiotic relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans synergizes virulence of plaque biofilms in vivo. Infect. Immun. 82(5), 1968–1981 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar13 Thein ZM, Seneviratne CJ, Samaranayake YH, Samaranayake LP. Community lifestyle of Candida in mixed biofilms: a mini review. Mycoses 52(6), 467–475 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar14 Xu H, Jenkinson HF, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A. Innocent until proven guilty: mechanisms and roles of Streptococcus–Candida interactions in oral health and disease. Mol. Oral Microbiol. 29(3), 99–116 (2014).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar15 Branting C, Sund ML, Linder LE. The influence of Streptococcus mutans on adhesion of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces in vitro. Arch. Oral Biol. 34(5), 347–353 (1989).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar16 Gregoire S, Xiao J, Silva BB et al. Role of glucosyltransferase B in the interactions of Candida albicans with Streptococcus mutans and experimental pellicle formed on hydroxyapatite surface. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77(18), 6357–6367 (2011).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar17 Pereira-Cenci T, Deng DM, Kraneveld EA et al. The effect of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces. Arch. Oral Biol. 53(8), 755–764 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar18 Metwalli KH, Khan SA, Krom BP et al. Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003616 (2013).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar19 Sztajer H, Szafranski SP, Tomasch J et al. Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. ISME J. doi:10.1038ismej.73 (2014) (Epub ahead of print).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar20 Peleg AY, Hogan DA, Mylonakis E. Medically important bacterial–fungal interactions. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8(5), 340–349 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCharacterization of the salivary microbiome before and after antibiotic therapy via separation technique27 February 2023 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 107, No. 7-8Potential Oral Health Benefits of Ginseng and Its ExtractsInternational Dental Journal, Vol. 2016Effects of Nystatin oral rinse on oral Candida species and Streptococcus mutans among healthy adults24 March 2023 | Clinical Oral Investigations, Vol. 10Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries3 March 2023 | Frontiers in Dental Medicine, Vol. 4Expression of Toll-like receptor 2, Dectin-1, and Osteopontin in murine model of pulpitis7 October 2022 | Clinical Oral Investigations, Vol. 27, No. 3Propolis as a Therapeutic Alternative Against Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review8 February 2023 | Bee World, Vol. 6Dual transcriptome of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans interplay in biofilms9 November 2022 | Journal of Oral Microbiology, Vol. 15, No. 1Elevated Dietary Carbohydrate and Glycemic Intake Associate with an Altered Oral Microbial Ecosystem in Two Large U.S. CohortsCancer Research Communications, Vol. 2, No. 12Impact of curcumin loading on the physicochemical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of a methacrylate-based experimental dental resin4 November 2022 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 12, No. 1Gene expression analysis of toll like receptor 2 and 4, Dectin-1, Osteopontin and inflammatory cytokines in human dental pulp ex-vivo3 December 2022 | BMC Oral Health, Vol. 22, No. 1Dietary sugars modulate bacterial-fungal interactions in saliva and inter-kingdom biofilm formation on apatitic surface9 November 2022 | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 12Cross-kingdom interaction between Candida albicans and oral bacteria3 November 2022 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 13Candida albicans CHK1 gene regulates its cross-kingdom interactions with Streptococcus mutans to promote caries5 October 2022 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 106, No. 21Effects of a Novel, Intelligent, pH-Responsive Resin Adhesive on Cariogenic Biofilms In Vitro5 September 2022 | Pathogens, Vol. 11, No. 9Oral Manifestations Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients3 September 2022 | Medicina, Vol. 58, No. 9Artificial intelligence-powered smartphone application, AICaries, improves at-home dental caries screening in children: Moderated and unmoderated usability test2 June 2022 | PLOS Digital Health, Vol. 1, No. 6Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries22 March 2022 | Frontiers in Dental Medicine, Vol. 3Oral Candida Predicts Streptococcus mutans Emergence in Underserved US Infants21 May 2021 | Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 101, No. 1Armed to the Teeth—The Oral Mucosa Immunity System and Microbiota14 January 2022 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 2Antimicrobial Efficacy of Glass Ionomer Cement in Incorporation with Biogenic Zingiber officinale Capped Silver-Nanobiotic, Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Lyophilized Miswak14 January 2022 | Molecules, Vol. 27, No. 2Microbial Dysbiosis in Oral Cancer31 May 2022Probiotics for oral health and disease treatmentAssociation of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence24 May 2021 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans19 November 2021 | Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol. 12Curcumin‐loaded Pluronic ® F‐127 Micelles as a Drug Delivery System for Curcumin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Application17 May 2021 | Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol. 97, No. 5A novel dual-action antimicrobial peptide for caries managementJournal of Dentistry, Vol. 111Changes in Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and oral health conditions following Prenatal Total Oral Rehabilitation among underserved pregnant womenHeliyon, Vol. 7, No. 8Effect of different salivary glucose concentrations on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans7 July 2021 | Biofouling, Vol. 37, No. 6Effect of LongZhang Gargle on Dual-Species Biofilm of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutansBioMed Research International, Vol. 2021Cross-Kingdom Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Cariogenic Biofilm Initiation27 August 2020 | Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 100, No. 1S. mutans Serotype c, C. albicans, Oral Hygiene, and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth in Early Childhood CariesThe Open Dentistry Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1Effect of cell‐free spent media prepared from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in co‐species biofilms18 August 2020 | European Journal of Oral Sciences, Vol. 128, No. 5Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Reducing Candida albicans Adhesion on Dentine24 July 2020 | Mycopathologia, Vol. 185, No. 4Palaeomicrobiology: Application of Ancient DNA Sequencing to Better Understand Bacterial Genome Evolution and Adaptation16 June 2020 | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 8Candida albicans interaction with Gram-positive bacteria within interkingdom biofilmsJournal de Mycologie Médicale, Vol. 30, No. 1Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity16 January 2020 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 6, No. 1The Role of Candida albicans Secreted Polysaccharides in Augmenting Streptococcus mutans Adherence and Mixed Biofilm Formation: In vitro and in vivo Studies28 February 2020 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 11Management of Streptococcus mutans-Candida spp. Oral Biofilms’ Infections: Paving the Way for Effective Clinical Interventions14 February 2020 | Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 2The Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: From Sequences to Ecosystems23 February 2020 | Microorganisms, Vol. 8, No. 2A Smartphone-Based System for Real-Time Early Childhood Caries Diagnosis1 October 2020Effect of Veillonella parvula on the physiological activity of Streptococcus mutansArchives of Oral Biology, Vol. 109Evaluation of antifungal activity of six children's toothpaste on Candida albicans isolated from early childhood caries patientsJournal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vol. 38, No. 2Role of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Dentistry24 September 2021 | European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal, Vol. 1, No. 01Effect of D-cysteine on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis30 April 2019 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, No. 1Contributions of Candida albicans Dimorphism, Adhesive Interactions, and Extracellular Matrix to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with Streptococcus gordoniimBio, Vol. 10, No. 3A Multispecies Biofilm In Vitro Screening Model of Dental Caries for High-Throughput Susceptibility Testing30 May 2019 | High-Throughput, Vol. 8, No. 2Cranberry Polyphenols: Natural Weapons against Dental Caries1 March 2019 | Dentistry Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the MicrobiomeMicrobiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 83, No. 1Antimicrobial peptide GH12 targets Streptococcus mutans to arrest caries development in rats30 November 2018 | Journal of Oral Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 1F1000Research, Vol. 8Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro27 May 2020 | F1000Research, Vol. 8Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis10 January 2019 | Caries Research, Vol. 53, No. 4Candida Interactions with the Oral Bacterial Microbiota3 November 2018 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 4, No. 4Caries-arresting effects of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride on dentine caries lesionsJournal of Dentistry, Vol. 78Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?30 June 2018 | Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, Vol. 5, No. 3Interkingdom microbial consortia mechanisms to guide biotechnological applications16 July 2018 | Microbial Biotechnology, Vol. 11, No. 5Tipping the Balance: C. albicans Adaptation in Polymicrobial Environments18 September 2018 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 4, No. 3Is the oral fungal pathogen Candida albicans a cariogen?13 June 2017 | Oral Diseases, Vol. 24, No. 4Nicotine is a risk factor for dental caries: An in vivo studyJournal of Dental Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1Beyond Streptococcus mutans: clinical implications of the evolving dental caries aetiological paradigms and its associated microbiome16 February 2018 | British Dental Journal, Vol. 224, No. 4Curcumin as a Promising Antibacterial Agent: Effects on Metabolism and Biofilm Formation in S. mutansBioMed Research International, Vol. 2018Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR16 October 2018 | F1000Research, Vol. 7Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?11 January 2018 | Caries Research, Vol. 52, No. 1-2Effect of a Lactobacillus Salivarius Probiotic on a Double-Species Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans Caries Biofilm14 November 2017 | Nutrients, Vol. 9, No. 11Bacterial GtfB Augments Candida albicans Accumulation in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms12 June 2017 | Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 96, No. 10Clinical Implications of Interkingdom Fungal and Bacterial Biofilms8 June 2017Ecology of the Oral Microbiome: Beyond BacteriaTrends in Microbiology, Vol. 25, No. 5Candida albicans stimulates Streptococcus mutans microcolony development via cross-kingdom biofilm-derived metabolites30 January 2017 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, No. 1Interactions between Streptococcus oralis , Actinomyces oris , and Candida albicans in the development of multispecies oral microbial biofilms on salivary pellicle15 March 2016 | Molecular Oral Microbiology, Vol. 32, No. 1Role of Candida species from HIV infected children in enamel caries lesions: an in vitro studyJournal of Applied Oral Science, Vol. 25, No. 1Biology of the oral environment and its impact on the stability of dental and craniofacial reconstructionsA Sustained-Release Membrane of Thiazolidinedione-8: Effect on Formation of a Candida/Bacteria Mixed Biofilm on Hydroxyapatite in a Continuous Flow ModelBioMed Research International, Vol. 2017Nicotine Enhances Interspecies Relationship between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicansBioMed Research International, Vol. 2017Candida albicans Carriage in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and Maternal Relatedness14 October 2016 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, No. 10Activity of tyrosol against single and mixed-species oral biofilms7 April 2016 | Journal of Applied Microbiology, Vol. 120, No. 5Caries and Candida colonisation in adult patients in Basque Country (Spain)12 January 2016 | Mycoses, Vol. 59, No. 4Thiazolidinedione-8 Alters Symbiotic Relationship in C. albicans-S. mutans Dual Species Biofilm10 February 2016 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7Polymicrobial Candida biofilms: friends and foe in the oral cavity21 August 2015 | FEMS Yeast Research, Vol. 15, No. 7 Vol. 9, No. 12 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics History Published online 17 December 2014 Published in print December 2014 Information© Future Medicine LtdKeywordsbiofilmsglucosyltransferases Candida albicans early childhood cariesexopolysaccharidesextracellular matrixpolymicrobial Streptococcus mutans Financial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.PDF download" @default.
• W2120608836 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2120608836 creator A5049350077 @default.
• W2120608836 creator A5072821099 @default.
• W2120608836 date "2014-12-01" @default.
• W2120608836 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2120608836 title "<i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>: a potential synergistic alliance to cause virulent tooth decay in children" @default.
• W2120608836 cites W1993113670 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W1998619281 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2002997358 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2012508946 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2020647627 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2049104619 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2050745388 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2058975831 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2067475510 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2076461284 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2088369864 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2096013566 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2108721940 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2133813359 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2149628120 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2154818633 @default.
• W2120608836 cites W2167187012 @default.
• W2120608836 doi "https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.92" @default.
• W2120608836 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25517895" @default.
• W2120608836 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
• W2120608836 type Work @default.
• W2120608836 sameAs 2120608836 @default.
• W2120608836 citedByCount "84" @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362015 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362016 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362017 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362018 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362019 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362020 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362021 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362022 @default.
• W2120608836 countsByYear W21206088362023 @default.
• W2120608836 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2120608836 hasAuthorship W2120608836A5049350077 @default.
• W2120608836 hasAuthorship W2120608836A5072821099 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C104317684 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C2778430296 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C2780917455 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C523546767 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C54355233 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C60987743 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConcept C89423630 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C104317684 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C2778430296 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C2780917455 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C523546767 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C54355233 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C60987743 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C86803240 @default.
• W2120608836 hasConceptScore W2120608836C89423630 @default.
• W2120608836 hasIssue "12" @default.
• W2120608836 hasLocation W21206088361 @default.
• W2120608836 hasLocation W21206088362 @default.
• W2120608836 hasOpenAccess W2120608836 @default.
• W2120608836 hasPrimaryLocation W21206088361 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W1519123555 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W1602999692 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2102312180 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2186982023 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2289444717 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2314240621 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2375401724 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2556759537 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W2944794428 @default.
• W2120608836 hasRelatedWork W4324054491 @default.
• W2120608836 hasVolume "9" @default.
• W2120608836 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2120608836 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2120608836 magId "2120608836" @default.
• W2120608836 workType "article" @default.