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• W2120837858 endingPage "1296" @default.
• W2120837858 startingPage "1284" @default.
• W2120837858 abstract "ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is widely prevalent in the nasopharynges of healthy individuals (carriers) but can also cause serious infections. S. aureus can elaborate a variety of superantigen exotoxins in “carrier” or “pathogenic” states. Streptococcus pyogenes can also colonize the nasopharynx and elaborate superantigens. Unlike the acute effects of superantigen exotoxins absorbed through the gut or vaginal mucosa, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of superantigens entering through the intranasal route. In the current study, we evaluated the local and systemic effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) delivered through the intranasal route. Superantigens were administered intranasally on multiple occasions, and experimental animals were sacrificed on day 8 for experimental analyses. SEB-induced airway inflammation was more pronounced for HLA-DR3 transgenic mice than for BALB/c mice, consistent with bacterial superantigens binding more efficiently to human than murine major histocompatibility complex class II. The nature of the airway inflammation in HLA-DR3 mice was determined by the concentration of SEB applied intranasally. Low concentrations (20 ng) induced eosinophilic airway inflammation as well as eosinophil degranulation, whereas intranasal exposure to higher concentrations (2,000 ng) resulted in neutrophilic airway inflammation, permanent airway destruction, toxic shock, and mortality. SEB-induced eosinophilic inflammatory response was enhanced in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-4-deficient HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice with defective interleukin-12 signaling. Intranasal administration of SPEA induced airway inflammation and systemic immune activation in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. In conclusion, repeated chronic intranasal exposure to bacterial superantigens causes airway inflammation and systemic immune activation." @default.
• W2120837858 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5027118202 @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5036937574 @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5041731742 @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5044155204 @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5059183236 @default.
• W2120837858 creator A5067156920 @default.
• W2120837858 date "2006-02-01" @default.
• W2120837858 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2120837858 title "Intranasal Exposure to Bacterial Superantigens Induces Airway Inflammation in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice" @default.
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