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• W2120980075 abstract "An important indicator of the metabolic capacity of humans is the ability toregulate plasma triacylglycerol levels and to clear triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins(TRLs) from the circulation after a meal. This is crucial since most of the day isspent in the postprandial state. High concentrations and long circulation times ofTRL remnants may be detrimental since these are considered to be highlyatherogenic.Postprandial effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in men and women are poorlycharacterized. A new ALA-rich oil was produced from rapeseed and linseed oil byenzymatic interesterification. The postprandial effects of 3 meals containing 35 gof this new ALA-rich oil, olive oil, or butter were compared in two randomizedcrossover studies (26 men and 19 premenopausal women). Blood samples weredrawn at regular intervals up to 7 h after the meals. We hypothesized that thepostprandial lipid response might be attenuated by a preferential oxidation of ALAcompared to other long chain dietary fatty acids.Premenopausal women showed lower postprandial lipemia and were less sensitiveto variations in dietary fat than men. Butter resulted in lower postprandial lipemiathan the oils in men, whereas no such difference was seen in the women. The ALAoil and olive oil meals induced similar plasma triacylglycerol concentrations.Women showed significantly lower NEFA responses after the olive oil and buttermeals than men. The ALA-rich oil had significant effects on the different plasmalipid fractions and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma several hourspostprandially.ALA levels remained high in plasma triacylglycerols and NEFA even after 5-7 h.This late high concentration of ALA in NEFA is indicative of spill-over NEFAand/or preferential release of ALA by the adipose tissue into the circulation.In summary we did thus not find evidence that ALA has a beneficial effect onpostprandial lipids by a selective partitioning to oxidation. This does not excludethe possibility that ALA over a longer time period may have health effects notonly as precursor of longer chain n-3 fatty, primarily docosahexaenoic acid, butalso because it is sorted out for oxidation.The enzymatic interesterification of triacylglycerols using immobilizedThermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) as catalyst has also beeninvestigated. Three different reaction systems were studied: rapeseed oil + butter,rapeseed oil + linseed oil (ALA oil), and trilaurin + 1,3-palmitin-2-olein. The ALAoil (35% ALA) was the same as that used in the meal studies. All reactions werefollowed by reversed-phase HPLC and the triacylglycerol peaks were tentativelyidentified by calculating equivalent carbon numbers. The triacylglycerols in therapeseed oil + butter mixture and products were also identified by HPLC-electrospraytandem mass spectrometry.In ideal sn-1,3-specific lipase-catalyzed interesterification, the fatty acidcomposition in the sn-2 position remains constant. In practice, however, slightchanges are observed in the sn-2 position and, under certain conditions, acompletely randomized fatty acid distribution can be obtained. Randomization isslower than interesterification. Uncontrolled hydrolysis should, however, beavoided as it lowers the TAG yield. Different triacylglycerol mixtures, i.e.products originating from 1,3-specific interesterification as well as totally orpartially randomized products, can be produced by varying the reaction time.Enzymatic interesterification could be used as a method of designing dietary oilswith new properties regarding fatty acid composition, susceptibility to oxidationand effects on blood lipids. The future of enzymatic processes relies on efficient,flexible, and easy-to-use systems that ensure high stability of the enzymepreparation and stable output of high-quality products at a reasonable cost." @default.
• W2120980075 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2120980075 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W2120980075 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2120980075 title "ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID Postprandial Lipid Metabolism and Enzymatic Interesterification of Triacylgylcerols" @default.
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