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• W2121662417 abstract "Purpose/Objective(s)Imaging of patient anatomy is routinely performed immediately prior to radiation therapy (RT) to confirm the localization of external beam RT delivery to the tumor. Prior to each fraction, CT imaging using kV or MV beams is often used to provide soft tissue differentiation. However, this delivers significantly higher imaging doses than planar imaging. The dose from this CT scan typically ranges from 1-4 cGy depending on the modality used. The time lapse between the CT scan and RT treatment also varies. The goal of this study was to determine whether these low doses of radiation used for image guidance prior to therapeutic doses affects RT efficacy for prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cells and to determine the influence of the time gap between image guidance and treatment.Materials/MethodsWe selected human prostate carcinoma (PC3) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines. All radiation was delivered using a Pantak orthovoltage unit. A dose of 2 cGy was used to mimic the CT scan and was administered at intervals of 2, 5, and 8 minutes prior to therapeutic doses of radiation to simulate time between CT scan and RT. We tested RT doses of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy for PC3 cells and 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 8 Gy for A549 cells. Control groups included non-irradiated cells and cells irradiated only with RT doses of 2-8 Gy. Treated cells were tested in triplicates in a clonogenic assay. The plating efficiency (PE) was determined for each test sample and the surviving fraction (SF) was calculated by normalizing each test PE to the control PE for non-irradiated cells. Cells were also assessed for DNA damage by measuring double strand breaks (dsb) with a γH2AX immunofluorescence assay.ResultsIn the clonogenic assay, the mean SF for PC3 cells was 0.495 ± 0.039 [mean (n = 3) ± SD] for 2 Gy RT; 0.270 ± 0.031 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.132 ± 0.017 for 6 Gy RT. The mean SF for A549 cells was 0.536 ± 0.036 for 2 Gy RT; 0.284 ± 0.030 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.103 ± 0.006 for 8 Gy RT. For both cell lines, radiation with the pre-treatment dose of 2 cGy prior to 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, and 8 Gy RT did not significantly change the mean SF. Time intervals of 2, 5 and 8 minutes between 2 cGy and RT at each dose tested (2-8 Gy) had no effect on the SF with no increase or decrease in cell survival compared to cells irradiated with 2-8 Gy RT only. The number of dsb foci and frequency of γH2AX positive cells increased with RT dose. However, no significant differences were observed in the intensity and number of dsb between cells receiving 2 cGy prior to RT and cells treated with RT alone.ConclusionsThese studies suggest that low dose CT scans used for daily pre-treatment positioning prior to RT delivery do not affect the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic doses of RT for these prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Purpose/Objective(s)Imaging of patient anatomy is routinely performed immediately prior to radiation therapy (RT) to confirm the localization of external beam RT delivery to the tumor. Prior to each fraction, CT imaging using kV or MV beams is often used to provide soft tissue differentiation. However, this delivers significantly higher imaging doses than planar imaging. The dose from this CT scan typically ranges from 1-4 cGy depending on the modality used. The time lapse between the CT scan and RT treatment also varies. The goal of this study was to determine whether these low doses of radiation used for image guidance prior to therapeutic doses affects RT efficacy for prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cells and to determine the influence of the time gap between image guidance and treatment. Imaging of patient anatomy is routinely performed immediately prior to radiation therapy (RT) to confirm the localization of external beam RT delivery to the tumor. Prior to each fraction, CT imaging using kV or MV beams is often used to provide soft tissue differentiation. However, this delivers significantly higher imaging doses than planar imaging. The dose from this CT scan typically ranges from 1-4 cGy depending on the modality used. The time lapse between the CT scan and RT treatment also varies. The goal of this study was to determine whether these low doses of radiation used for image guidance prior to therapeutic doses affects RT efficacy for prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cells and to determine the influence of the time gap between image guidance and treatment. Materials/MethodsWe selected human prostate carcinoma (PC3) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines. All radiation was delivered using a Pantak orthovoltage unit. A dose of 2 cGy was used to mimic the CT scan and was administered at intervals of 2, 5, and 8 minutes prior to therapeutic doses of radiation to simulate time between CT scan and RT. We tested RT doses of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy for PC3 cells and 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 8 Gy for A549 cells. Control groups included non-irradiated cells and cells irradiated only with RT doses of 2-8 Gy. Treated cells were tested in triplicates in a clonogenic assay. The plating efficiency (PE) was determined for each test sample and the surviving fraction (SF) was calculated by normalizing each test PE to the control PE for non-irradiated cells. Cells were also assessed for DNA damage by measuring double strand breaks (dsb) with a γH2AX immunofluorescence assay. We selected human prostate carcinoma (PC3) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cell lines. All radiation was delivered using a Pantak orthovoltage unit. A dose of 2 cGy was used to mimic the CT scan and was administered at intervals of 2, 5, and 8 minutes prior to therapeutic doses of radiation to simulate time between CT scan and RT. We tested RT doses of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 6 Gy for PC3 cells and 2 Gy, 4 Gy, and 8 Gy for A549 cells. Control groups included non-irradiated cells and cells irradiated only with RT doses of 2-8 Gy. Treated cells were tested in triplicates in a clonogenic assay. The plating efficiency (PE) was determined for each test sample and the surviving fraction (SF) was calculated by normalizing each test PE to the control PE for non-irradiated cells. Cells were also assessed for DNA damage by measuring double strand breaks (dsb) with a γH2AX immunofluorescence assay. ResultsIn the clonogenic assay, the mean SF for PC3 cells was 0.495 ± 0.039 [mean (n = 3) ± SD] for 2 Gy RT; 0.270 ± 0.031 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.132 ± 0.017 for 6 Gy RT. The mean SF for A549 cells was 0.536 ± 0.036 for 2 Gy RT; 0.284 ± 0.030 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.103 ± 0.006 for 8 Gy RT. For both cell lines, radiation with the pre-treatment dose of 2 cGy prior to 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, and 8 Gy RT did not significantly change the mean SF. Time intervals of 2, 5 and 8 minutes between 2 cGy and RT at each dose tested (2-8 Gy) had no effect on the SF with no increase or decrease in cell survival compared to cells irradiated with 2-8 Gy RT only. The number of dsb foci and frequency of γH2AX positive cells increased with RT dose. However, no significant differences were observed in the intensity and number of dsb between cells receiving 2 cGy prior to RT and cells treated with RT alone. In the clonogenic assay, the mean SF for PC3 cells was 0.495 ± 0.039 [mean (n = 3) ± SD] for 2 Gy RT; 0.270 ± 0.031 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.132 ± 0.017 for 6 Gy RT. The mean SF for A549 cells was 0.536 ± 0.036 for 2 Gy RT; 0.284 ± 0.030 for 4 Gy RT; and 0.103 ± 0.006 for 8 Gy RT. For both cell lines, radiation with the pre-treatment dose of 2 cGy prior to 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, and 8 Gy RT did not significantly change the mean SF. Time intervals of 2, 5 and 8 minutes between 2 cGy and RT at each dose tested (2-8 Gy) had no effect on the SF with no increase or decrease in cell survival compared to cells irradiated with 2-8 Gy RT only. The number of dsb foci and frequency of γH2AX positive cells increased with RT dose. However, no significant differences were observed in the intensity and number of dsb between cells receiving 2 cGy prior to RT and cells treated with RT alone. ConclusionsThese studies suggest that low dose CT scans used for daily pre-treatment positioning prior to RT delivery do not affect the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic doses of RT for these prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. These studies suggest that low dose CT scans used for daily pre-treatment positioning prior to RT delivery do not affect the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic doses of RT for these prostate carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines." @default.
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• W2121662417 date "2010-11-01" @default.
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• W2121662417 title "Effect of Pre-treatment Imaging Dose on the Radiosensitivity of Tumor Cells" @default.
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