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• W2126266732 abstract "Sovereign wealth funds are neither novel nor constitute any decisive shift towards state control. States and markets are co-constitutive, but states have power precisely because of their ability to define property rights and thus draw the boundary between public and private activity. The way they draw that boundary determines the nature of capitalism in any specific market. ‘Sovereign wealth fund’ is a nominal label covering three distinct types of organization that distribute property rights in different ways. The first acts to buffer states from the economic problems associated with large-scale resource exports. The second helps states simultaneously develop industry and an industrial bourgeoisie. The third is a vehicle for patrimonial rent extraction via political capitalism. The current spectacular increase in the number and holdings of sovereign wealth funds thus does not presage a distinct shift away from the (easily exaggerated) neoliberalism of the last two decades. Los fondos soberanos no son novedosos ni constituyen ningún cambio hacia el control del estado. Los estados y mercados son co-constitutivos, pero los estados tienen poder precisamente por su habilidad de definir los derechos de propiedad y por lo tanto establecer el límite entre la actividad pública y la privada. La forma como ellos establecen ese límite, determina el tipo de capitalismo en cualquier mercado específico. El ‘fondo soberano’ es una etiqueta nominal que cubre tres tipos distintos de organización que distribuyen derechos de propiedad en diferentes formas. La primera actúa para intermediar por los estados de los problemas económicos asociados con exportaciones de recursos a gran escala. La segunda ayuda a los estados simultáneamente a desarrollar industria y una burguesía industrial. La tercera es un vehículo para la extracción de renta patrimonial mediante el capitalismo político. Por lo tanto, el presente aumento espectacular en número y existencias de fondos soberanos, no presagia una ruptura distinta (exagerada fácilmente) del neoliberalismo de las últimas dos décadas. 主权财富基金既不新鲜也不构成朝向国家控制的任何决定性转变。国家与市场是共同构成的，但国家之有权力正是因为它们有能力定义财产权，因而在公共和私人活动之间划定了边界。它们划定边界的方式决定了任一特定市场资本主义的性质。“主权财富基金”是一个名义标签，涵盖了三种不同的组织，它们以不同方式分配财产权。第一种组织的行动使国家因与大规模资源出口相联系的经济问题得到缓冲。第二种组织帮助国家同时发展工业和工业资产阶级。第三种组织是经由政治资本主义进行世袭寻租的工具。因此，当前主权财富基金数量和资金的显著增长并不预示着明显远离过去二十年（极易被夸大）的新自由主义。 국부 펀드는 고상한 것도 아니고 결정적으로 국가통제로의 전환을 구성하는 것도 아니다. 국가와 시장은 상호 구성적이지만, 국가는 재산권을 정의할 수 있는 능력 때문에 권력을 가지고 있고, 공적인 활동과 사적인 활동의 경계를 그을 수 있다. 경계를 긋는 방식이 모든 구체적인 시장에서 자본주의의 성격을 결정한다. ‘국부 펀드’는 재산권을 각기 다른 방식으로 분배하는 세 가지 조직 유형을 포괄하는 명목적인 이름이다. 첫째는 대규모 자원 수출과 관련된 경제문제로부터 국가를 완충시킨다. 둘째는 국가가 산업과 산업부르주아지를 동시에 발전시키는 것을 돕는다. 세째는 정치적 자본주의를 통해서 지대 를 추출하는 수단이다. 그리하여 현재 국부 펀드 수와 규모의 엄청난 증가가 지난 20년 동안의 신자유주의로부터 뚜렷하게 이탈하는 전조는 아니다." @default.
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• W2126266732 date "2012-08-01" @default.
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• W2126266732 title "Political Capitalism and the Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds" @default.
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