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• W2126459022 abstract "ABSTRACT This study deals with the tissue factors engaged in the induction of the nasal organs in embryos of Amblystoma punctatum. Isolations and heterotopic transplantations of a large area of head ectoderm, including all the nose primordium of one side, demonstrate that the nose primordium is not determined before stage 21. By unilaterally excising nasal primordia, and either allowing the surrounding head ectoderm to heal over the wound, or replacing the excised primordium with anterior flank ectoderm from embryos at stages 13 to 25, it was demonstrated: (1) that heterotopic head ectoderm of all the stages studied is competent for nose formation, (2) that anterior flank ectoderm from stage 13 is able to react to nose-inducing stimuli, while (3) anterior flank ectoderm from stages beyond 14 no longer has this ability. The nose competence of heterotopic head ectoderm progressively decreases with increasing age. Transplantations of competent ectoderm in place of the excised nasal primordium at stages 15 to 27 show that nose-inducing capabilities are retained within the nasal region until the latest stages studied here. In some instances, early flank ectoderm, grafted into the nose region, was induced to form a brain fragment associated with a nasal organ. The latter was evidently induced secondarily by the former. Isolates of the prospective nasal ectoderm, previous to stage 21, differentiate a nose only if part of the adjacent forebrain anlage is included in the explants. Removal of the presumptive forebrain, with or without the underlying archenteron roof, could result in (1) complete absence of noses if the telencephalon is absent, (2) absence of one nose if the cerebral hemisphere is absent or very small, or (3) synrhiny or monorhiny if the forebrain is a small medial vesicle. The removal of the anterior one-seventh of the archenteron roof alone did not directly affect the number of noses present but tended to produce hypomorphic forebrains which in turn were associated with subnormal nose formations. The capability of prospective forebrain and the most anterior portion of the archenteron roof to induce nose was tested by wrapping these tissues, separately or together, in competent ectoderm. Nose inductions occurred only in those explants which contained brain, whether mesoderm was present or not. On the other hand, ectodermal explants enclosing head mesoderm alone showed no inductions. The frequency of nose inductions in explants containing presumptive forebrain was much higher than in those with mesoderm in addition to brain. Mesenchyme seemed to prevent rather than promote nose induction. The data taken together support the view that inductive stimuli emanating from the prospective forebrain are solely responsible for the emergence of the olfactory organs." @default.
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• W2126459022 date "1956-06-01" @default.
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• W2126459022 title "Analysis of the Determination of the Olfactory Placode in <i>Amblystoma punctatum</i>" @default.
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• W2126459022 doi "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.4.2.120" @default.
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