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• W2127913738 endingPage "2036" @default.
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• W2127913738 abstract "Analysis of virus expression in vitro and in vivo using the highly sensitive quantitative methods developed during the last 10 years is at present an absolute requirement for addressing the pathogenic mechanisms of viral infections and the virus-host interactions at the molecular level. In medical virology, the availability of methods and strategies able to address in vivo the relationship between virus expression and disease outcome is playing a crucial role in pathogenic research. These studies have documented that virus load in blood or in tissues is an important correlate of disease outcome, as documented in infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (3, 5, 17, 35, 63, 70), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (10, 31), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (25, 34, 54–56), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (87), Epstein-Barr virus (50, 88), human papillomaviruses (HPVs) (89), and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (42). Moreover, while the rationale for the development of new antiviral compounds is a direct consequence of a precise understanding of virus life cycle, identification of the virologic correlates of disease progression in vivo using quantitative methods has had a major role in the planning of effective treatments in viral infections of humans. Basic science approaches have also extensively employed quantitative molecular procedures. In virology, these approaches have shown that a number of events in the life cycle of many viruses (as well as those driving virus-host interactions) are more complex than originally defined. For instance, the characterization of the viral transcriptional profile and its dynamics using quantitative methods has uncovered, in some cases, complex processes or novel dynamic features. Importantly, together with new data, the application of quantitative methods to basic virologic research has generated new working hypotheses. Overall, the potential of virologic investigations has increased dramatically following the development of reliable quantitative techniques for viral nucleic acids, and from this point of view, quantitative molecular technology represents an important hallmark of the virology of the 1990s.It has recently been observed that the new technologies (including those allowing absolute quantitation of viral nucleic acids) are driving the research agenda (9). However, despite the intense effort of the research community, several questions concerning the technical development and the methodology of specific applications and the role of quantitative parameters in basic and medical virology remain unanswered. Firstly, it is important to verify whether or not an ideal molecular method for the quantitative analysis of viral nucleic acids is currently available. Secondly, although a preliminary diagnosis in clinical virology does not require quantitation, it should be clarified whether direct quantitative molecular methods are likely to provide, in the near future, a real alternative to classic culture techniques or immunological assays in the laboratory evaluation of most (all) viral infections. Thirdly, the real prognostic-diagnostic role of the different quantitative molecular parameters analyzed in vivo (cell-free viral genome molecules in plasma or in different compartments, analysis of different classes of viral transcripts in infected cells, and provirus copy numbers in infected cells in retroviral infections) should be evaluated in most viral infections. Fourthly, it should be clarified whether quantitative methods are invariably necessary and/or sufficient for monitoring specific antiviral treatments. These general questions and other aspects concerning the biology of specific viral agents and the relevant features of the virus-host interplay highlight the central role of the current research in this field. Due to the general implications of quantitative methods, the correct answers to these outstanding questions are expected to contribute significantly to the identification of future objectives for molecular research in virology and to the development of effective diagnostic strategies for viral infections." @default.
• W2127913738 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2127913738 creator A5004847381 @default.
• W2127913738 date "2000-06-01" @default.
• W2127913738 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W2127913738 title "Quantitative Molecular Analysis of Virus Expression and Replication" @default.
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