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• W212793291 abstract "The district-wide performance ofstudents in 62 districts in Pennsylvania in reading, mathematics, analytic thinking, and writing was correlated with aggregate measures of teacher perceptions and satisfaction. Using a conservative alpha level, the only significant correlation was between district-wide performance ofstudents in reading with aggregate teachers ' perceptions of community support. Using a less-conservative alpha level, aggregate teacher perceptions of community support, the adequacy ofservices for special needs students, and student behavior correlated with measures of district-wide student performance. The author suggests involving the whole community in attempts to increase the district-wide performance of students. There have been few studies examining the reasons for differences in district performance since Kurth and Pavalko (1975) suggested that economic and cultural factors are the greatest influences on district performance. In their 1975 investigation Kurth and Pavalko found relationships between economic conditions and district performance. The specific economic factors they found that were related to district performance were unpredictable and inconsistent. For example, district expenditures, teacher salary, and the percent of teachers in a district who teaching in the field in which they were primarily trained were all related to the number of students planning on attending college. However, per-pupil expenditure and number of books in the schools' libraries were negatively correlated with district performance. They concluded that of the two main factors (economic and cultural) relating to district performance, cultural factors are the most pow erful influences on district performance. Since different districts have different cultures, it is not surprising that cultural differences were found to be related to district performance. However, subsequent investigations on individual (Farkas, Grobe, Sheehan, & Shuan, 1990), district (Couldry, 1990), and state (Hashway, Clark, Roberts, & Schunuth,1990) levels also concluded that socio-cultural factors are powerful influences on performance. Kurth and Pavalko (195) posited that the primary question facing districts is whether schools have any influence on the performance of students or merely provide an arena within the larger social system for the realization of the culturally based destinies of individuals. The conclusions of the investigators cited on the state, district, and individual levels seem to support the more fatalistic conclusion of cultural predestination as the correct one. While cultural factors may be the primary influences on district performance, the first step to influencing district performance may be to more thoroughly understand which cultural factors are related to district performance. School districts have their own distinct cultural personalities. Investigators examining district performance have sought to determine which specific cultural factors are associated with increased performance of districts. While there has been no clear standard directing which cultural factors are the important ones to examine, a variety of cultural factors have been examined. Several cultural dimensions have been found to be related to district performance. One would expect more positive cultural factors to be associated with more positive district performance. Past research has found this hypothesis to be generally true. In most cases, the connection between the particular factor and district performance has face validity. For example, Mitchell and Willower (1982) in their n=1 study of a good high school concluded that a cultural emphasis on academics is the most important factor in overall quality. Factors found to be related to innovation in schools were communication, empowerment of teachers, and leadership (Simpson, 1990). …" @default.
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• W212793291 date "2000-03-01" @default.
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• W212793291 title "School Performance: Correlation of Aggregate School District Performance with Teacher Attitudes in Sixty-Two Pennsylvania School Districts" @default.
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