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• W2128373375 abstract "Precipitation of cholesterol crystals from vesicles is an important step in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Little is known, however, about the kinetics and the mechanisms involved in cholesterol crystallization. Therefore, the time course of cholesterol crystal precipitation and lipid exchange be- tween vesicles and micelles were monitored in a model bile sys- tem. Vesicles obtained from supersaturated model bile (cholesterol saturation index (CSI) 1.4; 10 g/dl) by KBr density gradient ultracentrifugation, were incubated with various bile salts: deoxycholate (DC), chenodeoxycholate (CDC), cholate (C), ursodeoxycholate (UDC), and their respective taurine and glycine conjugates. Vesicle integrity was assessed in a leakage- assay of carboxyfluorescein-loaded vesicles (0-15 min) and by the change in optical absorbance at 340 nm of a vesicle solution (0-50 min). Fluorescence increased within 1 min after addition of bile salt, and was stable within 5-10 min. After addition of bile salt, absorbance fell immediately and stabilized within 30 min. Fluorescence and absorbance were dependent on bile salt hydrophobicity and concentration. At several timc points after addition of bile salt to vesicles (from 1 to 72 h), the extent of cholesterol nucleation was determined semiquantitatively and incubation mixtures were again subjected to ultracentrifugation to assess the lipid distribution among residual vesicles, de novo formed mixed micelles, and cholesterol crystals. Nucleation oc- curred within 0.5 h after exposure of vesicles to the hydrophobic bile salts DC or CDC, and the cholesterol/phospholipid (c/p) ra- tio of the vesicles showed a transient rise from 1.45 to 3-4 (at t = 0.5 h) that coincided with the appearance of mixed micelles. Then the vesicular c/p ratio decreased to 0.6-0.8 (at t = 24 h) concomitantly with increasing precipitation of cholesterol crys- tals. In the case of UDC, the most hydrophilic bile salt used, < 5% micellization, no nucleation, and a constant vesicular c/p ra- tio were observed. m We conclude that under the conditions used in the present model study, the kinetics of cholesterol crys- tallization are governed by the hydrophobicity of the added bile salts and their capacity to form mixed micelles. The results em- phasize the pivotal role of time, and the dynamic aspects of the processes involved in cholesterol crystal formation. - van de Heijning, B. J. M., M. F. J. Stolk, K. J. van Erpecum, W. Renooij, A. K. Groen, and G. B. vanBerge-Henegouwen. Bile salt-induced cholesterol crystal formation from model bile vesi- cles: a time course study. J Lipid Res. 1994. 35: 1002-1011. In bile, cholesterol is solubilized in vesicles, together with phospholipids, and in mixed micelles, together with phospholipids and bile salts. Bile salts are amphipathic" @default.
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• W2128373375 date "1994-06-01" @default.
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• W2128373375 title "Bile salt-induced cholesterol crystal formation from model bile vesicles: a time course study." @default.
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• W2128373375 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40097-5" @default.
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