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• W2128996948 abstract "This paper develops a theory for the mechanism of penetration of water into hot rock by considering the simplest possible one-dimensional model. The concept of a cracking front is used to separate the convective regime in cracked porous rock from the conductive boundary layer below it. Rock in the boundary layer cools, shrinks and builds up horizontal tensile stress as resistance to creep rises. Cracking occurs when the tensile stress slightly exceeds the overburden pressure and results in the stable downward propagation of a polygonal pattern of sub-vertical cracks. Further cooling shrinkage opens these cracks to the percolation of water so that the effective bulk permeability is a strong function of both crack spacing and temperature. The critical crack spacing is determined by the competing processes of pattern enlargement through stress relief by favoured cracks and the subdivision of columns due to the radial temperature gradients associated with cooling through the cracks themselves. A rudimentary treatment of the transient creep associated with the thermal contraction of virgin rock suggests cracking temperatures between 800 and 1000 °K at depths of several kilometres and a similar treatment of thermally activated crack propagation produces a relationship between front velocity and crack spacing. That permits an approximate solution of the whole problem, resulting in a formula for front velocity where φ is a fudge factor and the temperatures are: TW—hot hydrothermal, Tφ—overburden cancelling creep stress, T0—sink, T1—original. Maximizing through TW permits the calculation of u and all dependent parameters for any given Tφ, itself close to the cracking temperature. If Tφ = 800 °K, the front velocity is 32m/yr, the crack spacing is 4.8 cm and the hot hydrothermal temperature is about 462 °K. The power output of the convecting system is about 5 kWm−2. Downward propagation of the cracked region seems to be limited by static fatigue failure of the columns under stress, some distance behind the front. The qualitative aspects of the model are in general agreement with ridge crest heat-flow and seismic data, though the sheeted dike complex near the surface of new crust is created by rapid cooling of each new dike by water circulation rather than by a process comparable to the one-dimensional model. Subsequent, deeper, water penetration may occur by processes similar to those described in the model." @default.
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• W2128996948 date "1974-12-01" @default.
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• W2128996948 title "On the Penetration of Water into Hot Rock" @default.
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• W2128996948 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb05468.x" @default.
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