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- W2129023030 abstract "We assessed whether long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality during a period of declining particulate matter concentrations. Approximately 4800 women aged 55 years from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, were followed for up to 18 years. Exposure to air pollution was assessed in two ways: (1) using the distance between the residential address and the nearest major road, as calculated from Geographic Information System data and (2) calculating 1-year average particulate matter concentrations below 10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) levels using data from the nearest air-monitoring station data to the subjects’ residences. Ninety-two per cent of all subjects lived in the same community during the entire follow-up period. Associations between mortality and exposure were assessed using Cox9s proportional hazards models, including confounder adjustment. Sixteen per cent of women passed away during the follow-up period. An increase of 7 μg/m<sup>3</sup> PM<sub>10</sub> (IQR) was associated with an increased HR for all-cause (HR 1.15, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.27)), cardiopulmonary (HR 1.39, 95% CI (1.17 to 1.64)), and lung cancer mortality (HR 1.84, 95% CI (1.23 to 2.74)). An increase of 16 μg/m<sup>3</sup> (IQR) NO<sub>2</sub> exposure was associated with all-cause (HR 1.18, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.30)) and cardiopulmonary mortality (HR 1.55, 95% CI (1.30 to 1.84)). The association between cardiopulmonary mortality and PM<sub>10</sub> was reduced for the extended follow-up period, during which PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations (but not NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations) were lower. Living close to a major road was associated with an increased relative risk for all-cause, cardiopulmonary and respiratory mortality. These associations were temporally stable. Long-term exposure to ambient PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> was associated with increased mortality rates." @default.
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- W2129023030 date "1961-05-01" @default.
- W2129023030 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2129023030 title "DISPLACEMENT OF THE ORBITAL FLOOR AND TRAUMATIC DIPLOPIA" @default.
- W2129023030 cites W2070724058 @default.
- W2129023030 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.45.5.341" @default.
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