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• W2129135591 abstract "A grammar can be defined as the set of principles that distinguish the possible morpheme combinations, word combinations and sound combinations in a language from the impossible ones. In traditional grammars a possible word, sentence or syllable is one that satisfies all the principles pertaining to it. Data may be accounted for by a conspiracy of principles, but the principles themselves do not compete with one another. No principle is violated in order to avoid violating another principle. In fact, no principles are violated at all in a grammatical sentence; violation of even a single grammatical principle inexorably means ungrammaticality. In recent years, theories of grammar have come up in which this no longer holds true, in particular Optimality Theory (henceforth OT) (see Prince and Smolensky 2004 [1993]). This theory emphasizes the role of competition in determining which forms are grammatical and which are not. The crucial question is which of a number of forms that compete for the realization of a particular concept satisfies the principles of grammar better than the others (where ‘better’ is defined in a precise way, to be discussed shortly). This will be the grammatical structure. This implies that grammatical structures can violate principles of grammar – as long as there is no competitor that does better. This also implies that different principles of grammar can impose demands on structure that are in direct conflict (meaning that in any structure at least one of them will be violated). Let us sketch the outlines of an OT-style grammar in a bit more detail. Such a grammar consists of two components. The first is a device, called GEN(erator), that determines how elements can be combined into a structure. The demands that GEN imposes on structures cannot be violated. (Thus, there remains room for inviolable principles in OT). Below, we will assume a minimal GEN component for morphology, one in which an operation of merger is applied to morphemes, so that hierarchically ordered structures for words are built. This parallels the building of structure in syntax, but the morphological GENerator is distinct from the syntactic one and builds structures specifically for the sub-word level. In other words, we assume word structures are not the result of operations in phrasal syntax such as head movement. For a defense of such a specific ‘word syntax’ component to build" @default.
• W2129135591 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2129135591 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W2129135591 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2129135591 title "Word-Formation in Optimality Theory" @default.
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• W2129135591 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3596-9_12" @default.
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