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• W2129291331 abstract "Mercury is a known neurotoxicant; however, the relationship between childhood exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes is uncertain, and may be modified by nutrition-related susceptibilities. In vitro studies found that mercury inhibited methionine synthase, an enzyme that interacts with vitamin B-12 and folate to regenerate the amino acid methionine from homocysteine, and inhibition of methionine synthase diverted homocysteine to cysteine and glutathione synthesis. The relationships between mercury, homocysteine, B-12, and folate have not been examined in children. This study aimed to evaluate associations between Hg and homocysteine in male and female children differentiated by higher and lower methylmalonic acid (MMA, an indicator of vitamin B-12 deficiency) and folate status. Cross-sectional data on total blood mercury (Hg), plasma homocysteine, MMA, and serum folate were obtained from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for children aged 3–5 years (n = 1005). We used multiple linear regression to evaluate relationships between homocysteine and Hg quartiles, stratified by sex, MMA ≥ and folate < sample medians, adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, and environmental factors. In boys with higher MMA and lower folate (n = 135), but not in other children, we observed inverse associations between homocysteine and Hg. Children with Hg > 3.49 μmol/L showed 1.14 μmol/L lower homocysteine (p < 0.001) relative to the lowest quartile (≤ 0.70 μmol/L) {p-value for trend < 0.001}. Compared to other subsamples, this subsample had significantly higher homocysteine levels. Hg was inversely correlated with plasma homocysteine in young boys, but not girls, with higher MMA and lower folate. Additional studies are merited to evaluate Hg and amino acid metabolism in susceptible children. ► A subset of US boys aged 3–5 years, with both plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) above and serum folate levels below the sample medians, showed a significant inverse association between total blood mercury and plasma homocysteine. This relationship was not evident in all other US boys and girls aged 3–5 years. ► Boys with higher MMA and lower serum folate levels had significantly higher mean plasma homocysteine levels compared to all other boys. ► Boys with higher MMA and lower serum folate levels had significantly lower mean total blood mercury levels compared to girls. ► Among boys with both higher MMA and lower serum folate levels, total blood mercury was significantly inversely associated with homocysteine at levels of mercury exposure well below the 5.8 μg/L reference dose for maternal cord blood methylmercury exposure associated with adverse neurobehavioral endpoints." @default.
• W2129291331 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2129291331 date "2011-03-01" @default.
• W2129291331 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2129291331 title "Total blood mercury, plasma homocysteine, methylmalonic acid and folate in US children aged 3–5years, NHANES 1999–2004" @default.
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• W2129291331 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.021" @default.
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