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- W2130122306 endingPage "24" @default.
- W2130122306 startingPage "4.3.1" @default.
- W2130122306 abstract "Extremely acidic environments, defined having a pH of <3, are found in locations as diverse as the Arctic and the Tropics. While these be natural phenomena, human activity, most notoriously mining of metals and coals, are often responsible for the severe acidification of localized environments. The indigenous microflora in extremely acidic environments include species of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, many of which are obligately acidophilic. Acidophiles are widely distributed throughout the tree of life, and include species of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya that are often only very distantly related to each other. Various mechanisms are used by acidophiles to adapt to the challenges they face, which include contending with elevated concentrations of transition metals and metalloids, and severely limited bioavailability of macronutrients such as phosphate.Inorganic energy sources (reduced iron and sulfur) are highly abundant in many extremely acidic environments. Chemolithotrophic acidophiles are the basis of food webs in subterranean and also contribute to net primary production in deep submarine geothermal vents. However, where solar energy is available phototrophic acidophiles, predominantly species of acidophilic eukaryotic microalgae, proliferate and assume the dominant role of primary producers. Acidophilic microorganisms interact with each other in various ways, including via redox transformations of iron and sulfur, generating electron donors and acceptors for prokaryotic metabolisms, and via provision of organic compounds (supporting heterotrophic species) or inorganic carbon (supporting autotrophs). Acidophiles have long been used to extract metals from ores (biomining) and biotechnologies are emerging that harness their abilities to remediate polluted waters and recover metals." @default.
- W2130122306 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2130122306 creator A5010707511 @default.
- W2130122306 creator A5091494582 @default.
- W2130122306 date "2015-09-01" @default.
- W2130122306 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2130122306 title "The Microbiology of Extremely Acidic Environments" @default.
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