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• W2130308778 abstract "Objective To establish normative values and distribution parameters of first-trimester screening markers, namely, fetal nuchal translucency (NT), maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation in Saudi women and to evaluate the effect of co-variables including maternal body weight, gravidity, parity, fetal gender, twin pregnancy, smoking and ethnicity on these markers. Methods A cohort of Saudi women (first cohort n = 1616) with singleton pregnancies prospectively participated in the present study, and fetal NT together with maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A were determined at 10 to 13+6 weeks of gestation. The distribution of gestational age-independent multiples of the median (MoM) of the parameters was defined and normative values were established, and correction for maternal body weight was made accordingly. The influence of various co-variables was examined using the data collected from the first and the second (n = 1849) cohorts of women and 62 twin pregnancies, and compared with other studies. Results All markers exhibited log-normally distributed MoMs. Gestational age-independent normative values were established. Maternal body weight was corrected, particularly for maternal free β-hCG and PAPP-A using standard methods. Fetal NT showed a negative relationship with increasing gravidity (r = −0.296) or parity (r = −0.311), whereas both free β-hCG and PAPP-A exhibited a significant positive relationship. There was a significant increase in the MoM of free β-hCG in female fetuses. Smoking decreased MoM values of free β-hCG (by 14.6%; P < 0.01) and PAPP-A (by 18.8%; P < 0.001). Twin pregnancy showed significant increases in MoM values of free β-hCG (by 1.87-fold) and PAPP-A (by 2.24-fold), with no significant changes in fetal NT MoM values. Fetal NT MoM values were lower in Africans and Asians but higher in Orientals, as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case). MoM values (body weight-corrected) of free β-hCG were 25.2% higher in Africans and 19.4% higher in Orientals but 6.8% lower in other Arabian and Asian (by 5.8%) women as compared to Saudi women (P < 0.05; in each case). Conclusions The normative values and distribution parameters for fetal NT, maternal serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A were established in Saudi singleton pregnancies, the maternal body weight together with smoking, twin pregnancy and ethnicity being important first-trimester screening co-variables. Gravidity, parity and fetal gender are also considered to influence one or more of the first-trimester markers examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." @default.
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• W2130308778 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W2130308778 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2130308778 title "Maternal serum free-β-chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–13+6 weeks in relation to co-variables in pregnant Saudi women" @default.
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• W2130308778 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.1661" @default.
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