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• W2130484485 abstract "IN LATE 1962, the Department of Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia instituted a whole—organ transplant program. The first 4 patients who received kidney allografts were prepared with totalbody irradiation; 119 additional patients had received a total of 143 kidney transplants by Oct. 1, 1968. Most of these received localized external beamirradiation to the transplanted kidney, plus various other combinations of immunosuppression. A few patients experienced hyperacute rejection phenomena, while 7 received radiations to the circulating blood. This report will review the rationale for and the results of the use of radiations as an immunosuppressive agent. Transplant Immunology The use of total—body irradiation, as reported by Murray et al. (1) and Hume et al. (2), was an effort to suppress the entire immunity response of the host. However, doses large enough to achieve this objective were not possible without deleterious effects to the patient. Realizing that the remarkably radiosensitive lymphocytes played a key role in immunoresponse and that the organs in early rejection contained greatly increased numbers of lymphocytes, we attempted to limit the irradiation to the transplant itself after the graft had been placed in the recipient. This was borne out by studies in dogs, as reported by Kauffman et al. (3), from which the present protocol of external beam irradiation to the transplanted kidney was developed. The immunology involved in the transplantation of organs from one individual to another is vastly complex, and many factors are unknown. Although various axioms have been developed, there is currently much controversy regarding the exact method of production of specific antibodies and their action in rejecting transplanted tissues or organs. The chicken is often used as a system model. It appears to have two separate systems for the development of the immunity response which are fairly clearly defined and have separate functions, but which ultimately work together to achieve their purpose. Good (4), in explaining the mode of development of the immunity response in the human, compares the mammalian system with that of the fowl on the basis of phylogenetic development of the lymphoid systems, the systems which develop immunity. The chicken has two separate immunogenic organs: the bursa of Fabricius, which lies just dorsal to the cloaca in the young bird, and the thymus, which lies along the trachea as several small bodies. The bursa of Fabricius appears to develop the plasma cell, which when properly stimulated produces specific antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins (gamma globulins). The thymus produces thymocytes, which are transported to the peripheral portion of the germinal centers of the lymph nodes. These appear as small lymphocytes and have the responsibility of cellular immunity." @default.
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• W2130484485 date "1969-08-01" @default.
• W2130484485 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2130484485 title "Irradiation as an Immunosuppressive Agent in Organ Transplantation" @default.
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• W2130484485 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/93.2.297" @default.
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