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- W2132238153 abstract "In this chapter, we are reviewing the current pharmacotherapy available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators have been used for many years for the treatment of COPD. Use of long-acting beta-agonists/long-acting muscarinic agents alone or together, often with inhaled corticosteroids, is commonplace in COPD. Long-acting anticholinergics are more effective in COPD because they improve the airflow and reduce air trapping at the same time. Oral methylxanthines, the precursors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, also have a therapeutic role and are widely used in developing nations. PDE4 inhibitors (roflumilast being the only currently available agent) have a role limited to the severe and very severe patient with frequent exacerbations. Recent evidence suggests that maintenance antibiotic therapy may be additive to the effect of bronchodilators in reducing exacerbation frequency. The choice of agents may be based primarily on individual response, cost, side-effect profile, and availability." @default.
- W2132238153 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2132238153 creator A5018217171 @default.
- W2132238153 creator A5047860029 @default.
- W2132238153 creator A5055055442 @default.
- W2132238153 date "2013-10-16" @default.
- W2132238153 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2132238153 title "Current Pharmacotherapy for COPD" @default.
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- W2132238153 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0709-8_1" @default.