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• W2132503940 endingPage "1021" @default.
• W2132503940 startingPage "1013" @default.
• W2132503940 abstract "Contemporary learning theories suggest that conditioning is heavily dependent on the processing of prediction errors, which signal a discrepancy between expected and observed outcomes. This line of research provides a framework through which classical theories of placebo effects, expectations and conditioning, can be reconciled. Brain regions related to prediction error processing [anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex or the nucleus accumbens] overlap with those involved in placebo effects. Here we examined the possibility that the magnitude of objective neurochemical responses to placebo administration would depend on individual expectation-effectiveness comparisons. We show that such comparisons and not expectations per se predict behavioral placebo responses and placebo-induced activation of µ-opioid receptor-mediated neurotransmission in regions relevant to error detection (e.g. ACC). Expectations on the other hand were associated with greater µ-opioid system activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but not with greater behavioral placebo responses. The results presented aid the elucidation of molecular and neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between expectation-effectiveness associations and the formation of placebo responses, shedding light on the individual differences in learning and decision making. Expectation and outcome comparisons emerge as a cognitive mechanism that beyond reward associations appears to facilitate the formation and sustainability of placebo responses." @default.
• W2132503940 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2132503940 creator A5039329472 @default.
• W2132503940 creator A5058347270 @default.
• W2132503940 creator A5088534102 @default.
• W2132503940 date "2013-07-25" @default.
• W2132503940 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2132503940 title "Neurobiology of placebo effects: expectations or learning?" @default.
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• W2132503940 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst079" @default.
• W2132503940 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4090967" @default.
• W2132503940 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23887819" @default.
• W2132503940 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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