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• W2133176893 abstract "Behavioural studies often need to employ marking techniques to identify and track individuals. Marks ideally have no influence on behaviour or fitness of marked individuals or on the organisms with which they interact. A newly developed internal marking technique uses deuterium to manipulate the chemical emissions of bethylid wasps that are parasitoids of lepidopteran larvae. Wasps are deuterated indirectly by injecting deuterium oxide (heavy water) into the host on which they feed as larvae. Adult wasps emit a volatile chemical under stressful conditions and the emissions of deuterated and undeuterated wasps can be clearly and readily distinguished by measuring the ratio of deuterated/undeuterated molecules using real-time mass spectrometry. Deuterated female wasps are, however, detectably disadvantaged in dyadic contests for host resources, a component of female fitness. In this study, we evaluated potential side-effects of this deuterium marking technique on three further correlates of female Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) fitness: longevity, lifetime fecundity, and offspring developmental mortality. We found that deuterium enrichment has no overall adverse effects on these parameters. We further showed that injecting hosts with different concentrations of deuterium results in distinguishably different volatile emissions of adult wasps, such that at least three individuals can be simultaneously identified by their chemical signatures. We also showed that deuterium marking remains effective beyond a wasp's death: deuterated and undeuterated wasps remain readily distinguishable after storage. We discuss potential applications of deuterium marking for the laboratory and field study of chemical communication, dispersal, and mating structure in parasitoid wasps and other insects." @default.
• W2133176893 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2133176893 date "2007-12-01" @default.
• W2133176893 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2133176893 title "Deuterium marking of chemical emissions: detectability and fitness consequences of a novel technique for insect behavioural studies" @default.
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• W2133176893 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00629.x" @default.
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