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• W2134431736 abstract "BioanalysisVol. 2, No. 5 Special Focus: Bioanalysis in Cancer Research - CommentaryFree AccessCancer-related forecast biomarkers: a topic in focus of the Worldwide Innovative Network in Personalized Cancer Medicine (WIN)Manfred Schmitt and Vladimir LazarManfred Schmitt† Author for correspondenceClinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany. Search for more papers by this authorEmail the corresponding author at manfred.schmitt@LRZ.tum.de and Vladimir LazarFunctional Genomics and Integrated Biology Platform, R&D Institut Gustave Roussy. Villejuif, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:10 May 2010https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.47AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail One of the major future challenges in oncology will be the early diagnosis and individualized, tailored care of cancer patients. Tailored cancer care is integrated into the concept of cancer medicine with the aim of gaining information about a patient’s gene and/or protein expression profile or obtaining functional imaging modifications, in order to identify patients at risk. Yet, to achieve personalized treatment of cancer, we need meaningful biomarkers (signatures) for characterizing of cancer subgroups, determining prognosis, predicting response to therapy and foreseeing severe toxicity related to treatment [1–3].Genomic and proteomic technologies are increasingly used in cancer research to characterize tumors at the molecular level, in order to devise clinically meaningful biomarkers that can predict the course of the malignant disease, who will benefit from a particular targeted therapy and who will be spared the burden of otherwise cytotoxic therapy [4–7]. For this, microarray technologies have made it possible to define chromosomal changes, alterations in DNA methylation and changes in gene expression. Furthermore, proteomic technologies have now evolved from infancy to state-of-art, allowing the combination of spatial resolution of biomarkers in cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry or MALDI imaging MS with information gained from profiling or typing of cancer biomarkers in tumor tissue extracts, such as by enzymometric (ELISA) methods or blotting techniques [8–11].It is worth noting that important multiplex and single cancer biomarkers have been discovered in breast and colon cancer tumor tissues at the gene and protein level, and have already entered clinical practice. Gene expression signatures, such as Oncotype DX® (Genomic Health, Redwood City, USA) and Mamma Print® (Agendia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), assess mRNA tumor tissue expression of a panel of genes and predict who will benefit from systemic adjuvant therapy with aim of reducing the risk of breast cancer or colon cancer patients experiencing disease recurrence after primary surgery [12].In a different approach, at the protein level, in addition to the conventional prognostic/predictive biomarkers ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor) and oncoprotein HER2, recently, the level-of-evidence-1 cancer biomarkers uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1, have entered clinical practice in breast cancer management and are recommended by the American Society for Clinical Oncology and other national guidelines for assessing the risk that a breast cancer patient may experience disease recurrence and respond to systemic adjuvant chemotherapy [13]. Furthermore, novel drugs targeting these tumor invasion supporting biomarkers are in phase II clinical trials [101].It is also worth mentioning septin-9, a biomarker recently introduced to the clinical setting for colorectal cancer early detection [14] and TIMP-1, a cancer biomarker serving as a predictor of disease recurrence in patients with primary resectable colorectal cancer. Interestingly, TIMP-1, long known as an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases, also interacts with plasma membrane-associated CD63 (tetraspanin), independent of its protease-inactivating capacity; it then functions as an indicator of a colon cancer patient’s response to chemotherapy [15].Since scientific and clinical questions in cancer biomarker research may differ globally, owing to ethnic diversities, lifestyle, food and environment, harmonization of activities at the clinical and laboratory level is therefore highly necessary to assure the same standard of care to cancer patients worldwide. In this regard, human tissue biobanks encompassing freshly frozen and routinely fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and blood samples, plus histomorphological and clinical data, including follow-up data, have become an important resource, linking information gained from population-based cancer registries to molecular characteristics of biological samples [16]. However, one must observe standard documentation and standard operating protocols with respect to quality assessment and quality assurance aspects of clinical practice and laboratory assays, the tissue material to be stored and assessed, storage conditions, preanalytical and analytical conditions and statistical evaluation [17].Toward this goal of harmonizing worldwide activities in personalized cancer medicine and tailored therapy, a new cancer research consortium, the Worldwide Innovative Network (WIN) in Personalized Cancer Medicine was founded in July 2009 by the Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif/Paris, France, to promote personalized cancer medicine and cancer treatment by teaming up leading institutions from Europe, USA and Asia. Founders of the WIN consortium are those representing key cancer research institutes and clinical institutions worldwide, and are experts in basic cancer research, cancer management or cancer patient healthcare, in concert with major commercial suppliers of lead technologies, as associated partners. The WIN consortium is dedicated to personalized cancer care, with the aim of discovering clues as to how to improve survival of cancer patients and, thus, afford them a better life. The WIN consortium is characterized by a strong will and capacity to work together in the area of tailored cancer treatment and, therefore, eventually, the WIN consortium will provide an unprecedented effort aimed at validation of major advances in personalized cancer research, treatment and associated technologies at the laboratory level and in the clinical setting.Another vista of the WIN consortium is the rapid worldwide translation of personalized cancer medicine discoveries from the bench to the bedside. Now, for the first time, this may be possible at an international level, since cancer instituts and clinical centers worldwide have begun to combine their expertise to explore new concepts in interactive networking to address so far unmet needs in oncology: the rational selection of treatment options for cancer patients in need.Financial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.Bibliography1 Dowsett M, Dunbier AK. Emerging biomarkers and new understanding of traditional markers in personalized therapy for breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.14,8019–8026 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar2 Duffy MJ, Crown J. A personalized approach to cancer treatment: how biomarkers can help. Clin. Chem.54,1770–1779 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar3 Sawyers CL. The cancer biomarker problem. Nature.452,548–552 (2008).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4 Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ, Brünner N. A novel prognostic index in colorectal cancer defined by serum carcinoembryonic antigen and plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.45,200–207 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar5 Ejlertsen B, Jensen MB, Nielsen KV et al. HER2, TOP2A, and TIMP-1 and responsiveness to adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients. J. Clin. Oncol.28,984–990 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar6 van’t Veer LJ, Paik S, Hayes DF. Gene expression profiling of breast cancer: a new tumor marker. J. Clin. Oncol.23,1631–1635 (2005).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar7 Albain KS, Paik S, van’t Veer L. Prediction of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in endocrine responsive, early breast cancer using multigene assays. Breast.18 (Suppl. 3),S141–S145 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar8 Rauser S, Marquardt C, Balluff B et al. Classification of HER2 receptor status in breast cancer tissues by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. DOI: 10.1021/pr901008d (2010) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar9 Camp RL, Neumeister V, Rimm DL. A decade of tissue microarrays: progress in the discovery and validation of cancer biomarkers. J. Clin. Oncol.26,5630–5637 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar10 Thomssen C, Harbeck N, Dittmer J et al. Feasibility of measuring the prognostic factors uPA and PAI-1 in core needle biopsy breast cancer specimens. J. Natl Cancer Inst.101,1028–1029 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar11 Xu SG, Yan PJ, Shao ZM. Differential proteomic analysis of a highly metastatic variant of human breast cancer cells using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0576-5 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).Google Scholar12 Dunn L, Demichele A. Genomic predictors of outcome and treatment response in breast cancer. Mol. Diagn. Ther.13,73–90 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar13 Harris L, Fritsche H, Mennel R et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.25,5287–5312 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar14 Grützmann R, Molnar B, Pilarsky C et al. Sensitive detection of colorectal cancer in peripheral blood by septin 9 DNA methylation assay. PLoS One3,e3759 (2008).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar15 Willemoe GL, Hertel PB, Bartels A et al. Lack of TIMP-1 tumour cell immunoreactivity predicts effect of adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in patients (n = 647) with primary breast cancer. A Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Study. Eur. J. Cancer.45,2528–2536 (2009).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar16 Langseth H, Luostarinen T, Bray F, Dillner J. Ensuring quality in studies linking cancer registries and biobanks. Acta Oncol. doi: 10.3109/02841860903447069 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar17 Schmitt M, Mengele K, Schueren E et al. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Pathobiology Group standard operating procedure for the preparation of human tumour tissue extracts suited for the quantitative analysis of tissue-associated biomarkers. Eur. J. Cancer.43,835–844 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar101 Phase I and II Trials of Mesupron®www.wilex.de/R&D/Mesupron.htmGoogle ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySecretome analysis using a hollow fiber culture system for cancer biomarker discoveryBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics, Vol. 1834, No. 11Clinical utility of level-of-evidence-1 disease forecast cancer biomarkers uPA and its inhibitor PAI-19 January 2014 | Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, Vol. 10, No. 8 Vol. 2, No. 5 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics History Published online 10 May 2010 Published in print May 2010 Information© Future Science LtdFinancial & competing interests disclosureThe authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.PDF download" @default.
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