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• W2134657806 abstract "Emulsifying agents, which are common food additives in the human diet, induce low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in mice, suggesting that further investigation into the potential impact of dietary emulsifiers on the gut microbiota and human heath are warranted. Non-genetic factors are important contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions such as such as inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome. Here the authors find that mice on a diet containing emulsifying agents develop low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome. These conditions correlate with a decrease in gut microbiota–epithelial distance through degradation of mucus layers, altered species composition and pro-inflammatory potential. Emulsifying agents are common food additives in the human diet, and these findings suggest that further investigations are warranted into their potential impact on gut microbiota and human health. The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large and diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. While the gut microbiota provides important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota–host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multi-layered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface, thereby allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine1. Thus, agents that disrupt mucus–bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro2, might be promoting the increase in inflammatory bowel disease observed since the mid-twentieth century3. Here we report that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in wild-type hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential. Use of germ-free mice and faecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host–microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases." @default.
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• W2134657806 date "2015-02-25" @default.
• W2134657806 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2134657806 title "Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome" @default.
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• W2134657806 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14232" @default.
• W2134657806 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4910713" @default.
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